暴跌引发“恶性循环”:贝莱德旗下比特币ETF创单日资金流出纪录

华尔街日报Published on 2025-11-20Last updated on 2025-11-20

全球最大资产管理公司贝莱德旗下的iShares Bitcoin Trust(IBIT)遭遇创立以来最严重资金外流。截至11月18日周二,该基金单日净流出达5.23亿美元,创下历史最高纪录,这也是IBIT连续第五个交易日出现资金撤离。

持续的资金外流加剧了比特币的跌势,这一最大加密货币周三再度失守9万美元心理关口,较一个月前下跌超过20%,创下7个月新低。与此同时,整个加密货币市场市值降至3.04万亿美元,较巅峰市值蒸发1万亿美元。

具体数据显示,IBIT上周五刚刚创下4.63亿美元的流出纪录,本周二的5.23亿美元再次刷新这一数字,显示出资金撤离正在加速。IBIT是目前全球规模最大的比特币现货交易所交易基金,自2024年1月推出以来一直备受投资者追捧,其资产规模已超过 720 亿美元,今年以来资金流入近 260 亿美元。

不仅仅是IBIT,最近整个比特币ETF生态都面临压力。富达的Wise Origin Bitcoin Fund(FBTC)和灰度比特币信托(GBTC)在过去五个交易日内分别流出2.66亿美元和1.46亿美元。

11月份以来,12只美国现货比特币ETF已累计流出超过30 亿美元,其中仅IBIT就撤出了近 20 亿美元。

连锁反应

比特币ETF的资金外流与价格下跌形成了恶性循环。

媒体援引Pepperstone 研究策略师Dilin Wu表示:“ETF 资金流出加上长期持有者的抛售,导致市场流动性收紧,推低了比特币的短期价格,凸显了市场信心的减弱。”

市场流动性状况因近期美国政府关门事件和美联储12月利率决议的不确定性而持续恶化。交易员对美联储是否再次降息25个基点存在分歧,这加剧了市场波动。

以太坊ETF也未能幸免于这波撤离潮。贝莱德的ETHA产品单日流出1.65亿美元,而竞争对手产品仅见少量资金流入。

与此形成鲜明对比的是,新兴的Solana ETF表现抢眼。Bitwise Solana Staking ETF(BSOL)在上市不到三周的时间内每个交易日都实现资金净流入,目前管理资产已达6.11亿美元。

周三,21Shares Solana ETF(TSOL)成为第五只在美国交易所上市的Solana跟踪基金,进一步扩大了这一新兴产品类别的阵容。

至于这波抛售潮何时结束,分析师态度谨慎。K33研究主管Vetle Lunde警告称,比特币衍生品市场正在形成一种“危险”格局。

永续期货未平仓合约一周内增加超过3.6万枚比特币,创下自2023年4月以来的最大周涨幅。与此同时,资金费率攀升,表明交易员正在疯狂“接飞刀”而非采取防御性头寸。

Lunde表示:“当前市场结构类似于过去通常会出现进一步下跌的模式。”他估计底部可能在8.4万至8.6万美元之间,如果抛售加速,甚至可能跌向4月份7.45万美元的低点。

机构仍在积极布局

尽管目前市场表现疲软,但部分传统“长钱”仍在布局。

哈佛大学捐赠基金最新披露,截至2025年第三季度,已将其在IBIT的头寸从190万股增加至680万股,较上季度大幅增长257%,价值约4.42亿美元。这一持仓占其报告的美国上市股票总持仓的20.97%,成为哈佛捐赠基金的第一大持仓。

此外,阿布扎比投资委员会(ADIC)也在第三季度将其比特币ETF持仓规模扩大了两倍。监管文件显示,截至9月底,该机构将其在贝莱德IBIT基金的持股增加至近800万股,当时价值约5.18亿美元。

主权财富基金的动向与ETF资金流出的反差,揭示了市场参与者之间的战略分歧。

作为第一个吃螃蟹的人,贝莱德目前在积极布局以太坊生态,其已在特拉华州提交 iShares Staked Ethereum Trust ETF 名称注册申请,这是新 ETF 产品筹备的首个公开信号。

与此同时,美国市场将迎来更多加密货币ETF产品。Bitwise资产管理公司的XRP ETF预计将于周四开始交易,而灰度(Grayscale)和富兰克林坦伯顿(Franklin Templeton)跟踪第四大加密货币的基金也可能在未来几天上市。

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724 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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