深度解析:加密市场“利好出尽”背后的残酷真相

比推Published on 2025-11-19Last updated on 2025-11-19

来源:Inversion创始人、加密OG Santiago R Santos

编译:金色财经

原标题:为何BTC吐回全部涨幅 山寨币深陷水下:真相浮出水面


加密圈所有人都在盯着同样的头条:

  • ETF 已上线

  • 实体经济企业正在整合稳定币

  • 监管机构态度愈发友好

所有我们曾期盼的,如今都已成真。

可价格为什么偏偏下跌了?

为何比特币吐回了全部涨幅,而美国股市今年却上涨了 15%–20%?

为何即便“加密货币不再是骗局”成为主流共识,你钟爱的山寨币依旧深陷水下?

我们来好好聊聊这件事。

adoption ≠ 价格上涨

加密推特圈有个根深蒂固的假设:

“一旦机构入场,一旦监管明朗,一旦摩根大通发行代币……一切就结束了,我们要起飞了。”

如今,机构来了。头条也兑现了。可我们却仍停留在原地。

投资中真正核心的问题只有一个:

这些利好是否已提前反映在价格中?

这向来是最难判断的事。但市场行为正在传递一个令人不安的信号:

我们得到了所有想要的——却没能推动价格上涨。

市场可能失效吗?当然可能。

原因何在?因为大多数加密资产的定价早已与现实严重脱节。

1.5 万亿美元……到底值在哪?

把视角拉远来看:

  • 比特币自成一派——它是完美的共识符号,如同黄金。其市值约 1.9 万亿美元,而黄金市值约 29 万亿美元。还不到黄金市值的 10%。作为对冲工具和潜在期权价值,它的逻辑是清晰的。

  • 以太坊、瑞波、Solana等其他所有加密资产加起来,又占据了约 1.5 万亿美元市值,但其背后的叙事基础要脆弱得多。

如今,没人会认真质疑这项技术的潜力。也极少有人仍认为这一切全是骗局。那个阶段已经过去了。

但潜力回答不了真正的问题:

一个仅有约 4000 万活跃用户的行业,真的值得数万亿美元估值吗?

与此同时,有传言称 OpenAI 上市估值将接近 1 万亿美元,而其用户量却是整个加密生态系统的约 20 倍。

好好琢磨一下这个对比。

这样的时刻,迫使我们直面真正的问题:

从现在起,获取加密资产敞口的最佳方式究竟是什么?

回顾历史:答案是基础设施。早期的以太坊、早期的Solana、早期的去中心化金融(DeFi)。

那波交易确实奏效了。

但如今呢?大多数这类资产的定价,仿佛默认未来使用率和手续费会增长 100 倍。完美定价,毫无安全边际。

市场不傻,只是贪婪

这个周期给了我们所有想要的头条……但几个真相也浮出水面:

1. 市场不在乎你的叙事——它只在乎价格与基本面的差距。

如果这个差距长期存在,市场最终会不再对你抱有幻想。尤其是当你开始披露营收数据时。

2. 加密货币不再是最热门的交易了。人工智能才是。

资金追逐动量。这就是现代市场的运作方式。眼下,人工智能是绝对主角。加密货币不是。

3. 企业遵循商业逻辑,而非意识形态。

Stripe 推出 Tempo 就是一个警告信号。

或许,企业并不会仅仅因为在 Bankless 上听说以太坊是“世界计算机”,就选择使用公链基础设施。它们会去最符合自身利益的地方。

所以,即便拉里·芬克(贝莱德CEO)发现加密货币不是骗局,你的持仓也没暴涨,这一点我并不意外。

当资产被完美定价时,鲍威尔的一句无心之言,或是黄仁勋的一个微妙表情,都可能摧毁整个投资逻辑。

简单算笔账:以太坊、Solana,以及为何“营收”≠ 盈利

我们来粗略算算主流 Layer 1 公链的情况。

首先是质押(注意:这不是盈利):

Solana:

约 4.19 亿枚 SOL 被质押 × 约 6% 收益率 ≈ 每年 2500 万枚 SOL

按每枚约 140 美元计算 → 每年“奖励”约 35 亿美元

以太坊:

约 3380 万枚 ETH 被质押 × 约 4% 收益率 ≈ 每年 135 万枚 ETH

按每枚约 3100 美元计算 → 每年“奖励”约 42 亿美元

有人看到质押数据就说:

“看,质押者能拿到收益!这就是价值捕获!”

不。质押奖励并非价值捕获。

它们是代币增发、稀释,是安全成本,而非盈利。

真正的经济价值 = 用户支付的手续费 + 小费 + 最大可提取价值(MEV)。这才是一条区块链最接近“营收”的指标。

从这个角度看:

以太坊 2024 年产生了约 27 亿美元交易手续费,位居所有公链之首。

Solana近期在网络营收方面表现领先,每季度能斩获数亿美元。

所以,当前大致情况如下:

  • 以太坊市值约 4000 亿美元,每年的手续费 + MEV“营收”约 10-20 亿美元。这相当于按周期峰值的“赌场式营收”计算,市销率(P/S)高达 200-400 倍。

  • Solana市值约 750-800 亿美元,年化营收超过 10 亿美元。乐观估算,市销率约 20-60 倍(提醒:别拿峰值月份的数据去推算年化)。

这些数据并不精确。也无需精确。我们不是要向美国证监会(SEC)提交文件,只是想看看估值是否离谱到脱离常识。

而这还没触及真正的问题:

核心问题是:这并非经常性营收

这些并非稳定、企业级的营收流。

它们是高度周期性、投机性的重复资金流动:

  • 永续合约

  • Meme币

  • 强制平仓

  • MEV 峰值

  • 高风险短线交易

牛市中,手续费和 MEV 暴增。熊市中,它们便消失无踪。

这不是软件即服务(SaaS)的经常性营收。这是拉斯维加斯式的赌场收入。

你不会给一家每 3-4 年才在赌场客满时赚钱的企业,赋予 Shopify 那样的估值倍数。

业务性质不同,估值倍数也应不同。

回归“基本面”

在任何合理的逻辑框架下:

以太坊以 4000 多亿美元市值,支撑着 10-20 亿美元的高度周期性手续费,都算不上“价值型”投资标的。

200-400 倍的市销率,叠加增长放缓和 Layer 2 生态的价值分流。以太坊不像一个能收取全国税收的联邦政府;反倒像一个只能拿到州级税收,却让各州(Layer 2)占据大部分收益的联邦政府。

我们把以太坊炒成了“世界计算机”的梗,但现金流表现根本配不上这个标价。以太坊给我的感觉很像思科:早期领先,但估值错配,其历史高点可能永远无法再触及。

相比之下,Solana的相对估值没那么离谱——不算便宜,但没到荒诞的程度。

它以 750-800 亿美元市值,创造着数十亿美元的年化营收——乐观估算市销率约 20-40 倍。

依然偏高,依然泡沫化。但相较于以太坊,算是“相对便宜”。

“亲爱的有限合伙人(LP)们,我们跑赢了以太坊——但基金还是亏了 80%。”

事实证明,我们把赌场式资金流动,当成了经常性软件营收来定价。感谢参与。

为了让大家更直观理解这个估值倍数:

英伟达,这只全球最受追捧的成长股,市盈率(P/E)仅为 40-45 倍(注意:是盈利倍数,而非营收倍数)——而它拥有:

  • 真实的营收

  • 真实的利润率

  • 全球企业级需求

  • 经常性的合约销售

以及加密赌场之外的客户(趣闻:加密矿工曾是英伟达第一波真正的高速增长动力)

再次强调:加密公链的这些营收,是周期性的赌场收入,而非稳定可预测的现金流。

按理说,这些公链的估值倍数应该低于科技公司——而非高于。

如果整个行业的手续费无法从投机性短线交易,转向真实的经常性经济价值,大多数资产的估值都将面临重估。

我们仍处于早期……但不是那种早期

总有一天,价格会与基本面重新接轨。但现在还没到时候。

当前现状:

  • 没有任何基本面理由,能支撑大多数代币的超高估值。

  • 一旦剥离代币增发和空投挖矿,许多网络的价值捕获能力便不复存在。

  • 大多数“盈利”都与赌场式产品的投机活动挂钩。

我们搭建了能瞬时、全天候、低成本在全球转移资金的基础设施……却把最优质的用例定为老虎机。

短期贪婪,长期懒惰。

引用网飞联合创始人马克·兰道夫的话:“文化不是你嘴上说的样子,而是你实际做的样子。”

别一边大谈去中心化,一边把 10 倍杠杆的“屁币(Fartcoin)”永续合约当成主打产品。

我们可以做得更好。

这是我们从“过度金融化的小众赌场”,升级为真正长期行业的唯一途径。

开始的终结

我不认为这是加密货币的终结。但我相信,这是“开始的终结”。

我们在基础设施上过度投资——超过 1000 亿美元投入到公链、跨链桥、Layer 2、基础设施项目中——却在应用部署、产品开发、真实用户获取上严重投入不足。

我们总在吹嘘:

每秒交易数(TPS)

区块空间

复杂的 Rollup 架构

但用户根本不在乎这些。他们关心的是:

是否更便宜,

是否更快,

是否更易用,

以及是否真的能解决他们的问题。

回归现金流。

回归单位经济效益。

回归本质:用户是谁?我们在解决什么问题?

真正的增长潜力在哪?

十多年来,我一直极度看好加密货币。这一点从未改变。

我依然相信:

稳定币将成为默认支付通道。

开放、中立的基础设施将在幕后支撑全球金融。

企业会采用这项技术,因为它符合经济逻辑,而非意识形态。

但我不认为下一个十年的最大赢家,会是如今的 Layer 1 或 Layer 2 公链。

回顾历史,每一轮科技周期的赢家,都出现在用户聚合层,而非基础设施层。

互联网降低了计算/存储成本。财富却流向了亚马逊、谷歌、苹果——那些利用廉价基础设施服务数十亿用户的企业。

加密货币也将遵循相似逻辑:

  • 区块空间终将成为大宗商品。

  • 基础设施升级的边际效益正日益递减。

  • 用户永远愿意为便利性付费。

  • 用户聚合者将捕获大部分价值。

当前最大的机遇,是将这项技术融入已具备规模的企业中。拆除前互联网时代的金融管道,在能真正降低成本、提高效率的地方,用加密基础设施取而代之——就像互联网曾悄悄升级了从零售到工业的所有行业,只因其经济效益好到无法忽视。

企业采纳互联网和软件,是因为符合经济逻辑。加密货币也不例外。

我们可以再等十年,等待这一切自然发生。

或者,我们现在就开始行动。

更新认知

那么,我们该何去何从?

  • 技术是可行的。

  • 潜力是巨大的。

  • 我们仍处于真实应用的早期阶段。

是时候重新评估一切了:

  • 基于真实使用率和手续费质量评估网络价值,而非意识形态。

  • 并非所有手续费都等同:区分经常性营收与重复式资金流动。

  • 上一个十年的赢家,不会主导下一个十年。

  • 别再把代币价格当作技术有效性的评分板。

我们还处于如此早期的阶段,以至于仍天真地认为,代币价格能反映技术是否可行。没人会因为亚马逊或微软的股票当周上涨,就选择 AWS 而非 Azure。

我们可以再等十年,等待企业主动采纳这项技术。或者,我们现在就开始行动。

让真实的国内生产总值(GDP)上链。

使命尚未完成。

逆向思考(Invert)(注:“Invert” 源自查理·芒格的逆向思维理念,核心是通过反向思考问题,找到更清晰的答案。)


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