比特币跌破10万美元:牛市正式谢幕,市场进入“温和熊”阶段

marsbitPublished on 2025-11-05Last updated on 2025-11-06

摘要

  • 比特币跌破短期持有者成本基准(约 11.25 万美元),确认需求减弱,此前的牛市阶段正式结束。目前价格在 10 万美元附近盘整,较历史高点(ATH)回落约 21%。
  • 约 71% 的比特币供应仍处于盈利状态,符合中期调整特征。3.1% 的相对未实现亏损率表明当前处于温和熊市阶段,而非深度投降。
  • 自 7 月以来,长期持有者的比特币供应量减少了 30 万枚,即便价格走低,减持仍在持续 —— 这与本轮周期早期 「逢涨抛售」 的模式不同。
  • 美国现货比特币 ETF 出现持续资金流出(每日流出 1.5 亿 - 7 亿美元),主要交易所的现货累计成交量差值(CVD)显示卖压持续,自主交易需求减弱。
  • 永续合约市场方向性溢价从 4 月的每月 3.38 亿美元降至 1.18 亿美元,表明交易者正在缩减杠杆多头头寸。
  • 10 万美元行权价的看跌期权需求旺盛、溢价走高,显示交易者仍在对冲风险,而非逢低买入。短期隐含波动率对价格波动仍敏感,但在 10 月飙升后已趋于稳定。
  • 整体而言,市场处于脆弱平衡状态:需求疲软、亏损可控、谨慎情绪浓厚。如果要实现持续反弹,需重新吸引资金流入,并收复 11.2 万 - 11.3 万美元区间。

链上洞察

继上周报告发布后,比特币在多次尝试收复短期持有者成本基准未果后,跌破 10 万美元心理关口。这一破位确认了需求动能减弱,长期投资者卖压持续,标志着市场已明确告别牛市阶段。

本文将通过链上价格模型和资金支出指标评估市场结构性疲软,再结合现货、永续合约及期权市场数据,判断未来一周的市场情绪与风险头寸。

测试下方支撑位

自 10 月 10 日市场大跌以来,比特币始终难以站稳短期持有者成本基准上方,最终大幅跌至 10 万美元附近,较 11.25 万美元的关键阈值低约 11%。

从历史数据看,价格与该水平形成如此大的折价后,进一步下探至更低结构性支撑位的可能性增加 —— 例如当前约 8.85 万美元的活跃投资者实现价格。这一指标动态追踪活跃流通供应(不含休眠代币)的成本基准,在过往周期的长期调整阶段,常扮演关键参考角色。

市场

站在十字路口

进一步分析可以发现,此次调整形成的结构与 2024 年 6 月及 2025 年 2 月相似 —— 这两个时期,比特币均处于 「反弹」 与 「深度收缩」 的关键十字路口。目前 10 万美元价位下,约 71% 的供应仍盈利,使市场处于中期放缓阶段典型的 70%-90% 盈利供应均衡区间下限。

这一阶段通常会出现向短期持有者成本基准的短暂修复反弹,但持续复苏往往需要长期盘整和新的需求流入。反之,如果进一步走弱导致更多持有者陷入亏损,市场可能从当前的温和下跌过渡至深度熊市阶段。历史上,这一阶段的特征是投降式抛售与长期的重新积累。

市场

亏损仍可控

为进一步区分当前回调性质,可参考相对未实现亏损率 —— 该指标衡量以美元计价的总未实现亏损占市值的比例。与 2022-2023 年熊市期间的极端亏损水平不同,当前 3.1% 的未实现亏损率表明市场压力温和,与 2024 年第三、四季度及 2025 年第二季度的中期调整相当,且均低于 5% 的阈值。

只要未实现亏损率维持在这一区间,市场可归类为 「温和熊市」,特征是有序重估而非恐慌性抛售。但如果回调加剧导致该比率突破 10%,则可能引发广泛的投降式抛售,标志着市场进入更严峻的熊市格局。

市场

长期持有者持续出货

尽管亏损程度相对可控,且较 12.6 万美元的历史高点仅回落 21%,市场仍面临长期持有者(LTH)温和但持续的卖压。这一趋势自 2025 年 7 月起逐步显现,即便比特币在 10 月初创下新高,也未改变这一态势,令许多投资者感到意外。

在此期间,长期持有者的比特币持有量减少了约 30 万枚(从 1470 万枚降至 1440 万枚)。与本轮周期早期的出售浪潮不同:当时长期持有者在大幅上涨期间 「逢涨抛售」,而此次他们选择 「逢弱抛售」,即在价格盘整且持续走低时减持。这一行为转变表明,经验丰富的投资者已显露出更深的疲惫感,信心有所下降。

市场

链下洞察

弹药不足:机构需求降温

将目光转向机构需求:过去两周,美国现货比特币 ETF 资金流入显著放缓,出现每日 1.5 亿 - 7 亿美元的持续净流出。这与 9 月至 10 月初的强劲资金流入形成鲜明对比,当时的资金流入为价格提供了支撑。

近期趋势表明,机构资金配置趋于谨慎,获利了结与新增敞口意愿下降拖累了 ETF 整体买入压力。这一活动降温与整体价格疲软密切相关,凸显在持续数月的积累后,买方信心有所下滑。

偏向性明显:现货需求疲软

过去一个月,现货市场活跃度持续减弱,主要交易所的累计成交量差值(注:累计成交量差值缩写为 CVD,是衡量市场多空力量净差值的指标,通过主动买入量与主动卖出量的差值累加形成。)均呈下降趋势。币安及整体现货 CVD 均转为负值,分别为 - 822 枚比特币和 - 917 枚比特币,显示卖压持续,主动买入盘有限。Coinbase 相对中性,CVD 为 + 170 枚比特币,未见明显的买方吸纳迹象。

现货需求的恶化与 ETF 资金流入放缓相呼应,表明自主投资者信心下降。这些信号共同强化了市场降温的基调:买入兴趣低迷,反弹行情遭遇快速获利了结。

市场

兴趣减退:衍生品市场去杠杆

衍生品市场中,永续合约市场方向性溢价(即多头交易者为维持头寸支付的费用)已从 4 月峰值的每月 3.38 亿美元大幅降至约 1.18 亿美元。这一显著下降标志着投机头寸广泛平仓,风险偏好明显降温。

在年中持续的高正向资金费率之后,该指标的稳步下滑表明,交易者正在缩减方向性杠杆,偏向中性而非激进多头敞口。这一转变与现货需求及 ETF 资金流入的整体疲软一致,凸显永续合约市场已从乐观偏向过渡至更谨慎的风险规避姿态。

市场

寻求保护:期权市场防御性浓厚

比特币在 10 万美元心理关口附近徘徊之际,期权偏斜指标不出所料地显示看跌期权需求旺盛。数据表明,期权市场并未押注反转或 「逢低买入」,而是支付高额溢价以防范进一步下行风险。关键支撑位的看跌期权价格高企,显示交易者仍聚焦于风险保护,而非积累头寸。简而言之,市场在对冲,而非抄底。

市场

风险溢价回升

经过连续十天的负值后,一个月期波动率风险溢价小幅转正。正如预期,该溢价出现均值回归 —— 在伽马卖方经历艰难时期后,隐含波动率重新定价走高。

这一转变反映市场仍由谨慎情绪主导。交易者愿意支付高价获取保护,使做市商得以介入相反头寸。值得注意的是,当比特币跌至 10 万美元时,隐含波动率随防御性头寸重新建立而同步上升。

市场

波动率冲高回落

短期隐含波动率仍与价格走势呈密切负相关。比特币抛售期间,波动率大幅飙升,一周期隐含波动率一度触及 54%,随后在 10 万美元附近形成支撑后回落约 10 个波动率点。

长期到期波动率同样走高:一个月期波动率较 11 万美元附近的调整前水平上升约 4 个波动率点,六个月期波动率上升约 1.5 个波动率点。这一模式凸显了经典的 「恐慌 - 波动率」 关系,快速价格下跌仍会驱动短期波动率飙升。

市场

10 万美元关口的防御战

观察 10 万美元行权价的看跌期权溢价,可进一步洞察当前情绪。过去两周,看跌期权净溢价逐步上升,昨日随着牛市可能终结的担忧加剧,溢价大幅飙升。抛售期间看跌期权溢价冲高,即便比特币在支撑位附近企稳,溢价仍维持高位。这一趋势确认对冲活动持续,交易者仍选择保护而非重新承担风险。

市场

资金流向防御化

过去七天的资金流向数据显示,吃单交易以负 delta 头寸为主 —— 主要通过买入看跌期权和卖出看涨期权实现。过去 24 小时内,仍无明确的底部信号。做市商仍持有多头伽马,从追求收益的交易者那里吸收了大量风险,可能会在双向价格波动中获利。

这一格局使波动率维持高位但可控,市场保持谨慎基调。总体而言,当前环境更利于防御而非激进冒险,缺乏明确的上行催化剂。不过,由于下行保护成本居高不下,部分交易者可能很快开始抛售风险溢价以寻求价值投资机会。

市场

结论

比特币跌破短期持有者成本基准(约 11.25 万美元)并在 10 万美元附近企稳,标志着市场结构发生决定性转变。截至目前,此次调整与过往中期放缓阶段相似:71%(处于 70%-90% 区间)的供应仍然盈利,相对未实现亏损率控制在 3.1%(低于 5%),表明当前是温和熊市而非深度投降。然而,自 7 月以来长期持有者的持续出货,以及 ETF 产品的资金流出,凸显散户与机构信心均在减弱。

如果卖压持续,活跃投资者实现价格(约 8.85 万美元)将是关键下行参考;而收复短期持有者成本基准,则将标志需求重新走强。与此同时,永续合约市场方向性溢价与 CVD 偏向性均显示投机杠杆退潮、现货参与度下降,强化了风险规避环境。

期权市场中,看跌期权需求旺盛、10 万美元行权价溢价走高、隐含波动率小幅反弹,均确认了防御性基调。交易者仍优先考虑保护而非积累,反映出对 「底部」 的犹豫态度。

整体而言,市场处于脆弱平衡状态:超卖但未恐慌,谨慎但结构完好。下一轮方向性行情将取决于新需求能否吸纳长期持有者的持续出货,并将 11.2 万 - 11.3 万美元区间收复为稳固支撑;或是卖方继续主导,延长当前下行趋势。

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