比特币与全球流动性:究竟是跟随还是引领?

coinvoicePublished on 2025-10-24Last updated on 2025-10-24

原文作者:Michael Nadeau

原文编译:Chopper,Foresight News

 

理解比特币价格走势的工具与框架有很多,比如货币数量方程式(MV = PQ)、库存流量比、网络价值与交易量比、网络价值与梅特卡夫定律比、已实现价格与市值比、生产成本等等。

但在当前市场中,一切最终都归结于流动性条件

在本文中,我们将探讨比特币与全球流动性的关系:比特币真的 「滞后」 于全球流动性吗

比特币与全球流动性

数据来源:Global Liquidity Indexes

根据 Global Liquidity Indexes 的研究:「历史数据显示,流动性变化往往会引发风险资产价格变化,滞后期约为 3 个月。具体而言,全球流动性增加后,风险资产通常会表现向好;而流动性减少则往往预示着资产价格走势疲软。」

此外,Global Macro Investor 的 Raoul Pal 表示,全球流动性能解释 90% 的比特币价格波动。

那么当前数据如何?

  • 全球流动性三个月年化增长率为 10.2%;
  • 全球流动性年增长率目前为 6%。

数据来源:Global Liquidity Indexes

按照这个数据和逻辑,比特币应该会持续上涨,对吧?

从数据和常规叙事来看,结论似乎如此。但在前两个周期中,全球流动性在比特币达到顶部后,仍持续扩张了相当长一段时间。

数据来源:Global Liquidity Indexes

这一现象与 「比特币价格滞后于流动性」 的普遍说法相矛盾。

我们不妨暂停一下,先思考一个问题:比特币为何会滞后于流动性条件?

毕竟,市场具有前瞻性;而且比特币在全球市场中全年无休、24 小时不间断地交易,对于流动性这个市场参与者公认的价格相关关键变量,它为何会滞后?

事实上,我们认为比特币正在引领全球流动性 ,尤其是在市场周期顶部。

为什么?我们认为,市场正在提前反映流动性收紧的趋势,它能嗅出接下来的变化。

但在市场底部(熊市),情况则相反,全球流动性往往会引领比特币。

为什么?因为在熊市中,市场通常会等待货币与财政当局释放明确信号才会行动。

需要说明的是,目前我们尚未通过定量分析证实这一观点,但通过分析图表,我们可以支撑这一判断。

假设全球流动性将在比特币达到顶部后再次扩张,那么我们的核心任务就是:找出导致全球流动性下降的催化剂。

上一轮周期中,催化剂是通胀高企与美联储被迫快速加息,这正是 2021 年 11 月市场「提前布局」的原因,当时的流动性收缩由央行货币政策驱动。

那么本轮周期的催化剂可能是什么?

在当前周期,流动性收紧的压力或许不会来自美联储(市场预计美联储将在 10 月和 12 月降息),而是来自财政政策。

预期财政影响:关税上调与 BBB 支出削减

预期关税收入:假设关税税率为 13%,预计每年可增加 3800 亿美元关税收入。下图展示了截至目前关税带来的影响。

数据来源:美联储经济数据库

这会导致私部门的流动性被抽离,并回流到公共部门的财政账户中。

我们认为,这一举措即便不会引发通缩,也会带来通缩压力。

支出削减:美国国会预算办公室(CBO)预计,未来十年将削减 1.2 万亿至 1.3 万亿美元支出,包括医疗补助改革、补充营养援助计划(SNAP)预算削减等,折合每年约 1250 亿美元支出被削减。

将关税增收与支出削减相加,合计每年将带来 5050 亿美元的财政紧缩,占美国国内生产总值的 1.7%。

不过,2026 年美国将对企业实施有效的减税政策,包括小费收入免税,同时每年将新增 350 亿美元支出,用于基础设施、国防、农村医院、美国国家航空航天局(NASA)等领域。

这些措施或许能抵消关税与支出削减带来的财政紧缩,但效果是否足够?

如果比特币确实在周期顶部再次引领流动性,那么我们认为,它当前「提前布局」的,正是财政政策收紧对流动性的负面影响。

你可能经常会在采访中听到贝森特提到一句话:「我们希望通过私营部门刺激经济。」

我们认同这一方向,但实现这一目标的过程可能充满波折。这也是为什么特朗普政府坚持大幅降息,目的是为我们过渡到新经济模式搭桥。

银行业流动性

除了上述潜在的财政政策变化,我们还观察到银行业流动性正在收紧。

下图显示,们可以看到隔夜融资时段内做市商银行之间流动性与可用抵押品之间的失衡日益加剧。这表明货币市场正面临流动性短缺,做市商要么缺乏现金,要么缺乏抵押品。

这种现象与以下因素一致:

  • 财政紧缩;
  • 美联储持续缩表;
  • 财政部一般账户余额重建。

数据来源:Global Liquidity Indexes

随着这些因素发酵,银行准备金正接近美联储设定的短缺水平

数据来源:@fwred

综上,种种迹象表明,麻烦正在酝酿,债券市场的表现似乎也印证了这一点。

总结

很明显,在前两个周期的顶部,比特币引领了全球流动性。2021 年周期中,比特币提前嗅出了通胀高企与加息的趋势;当时拜登政府正推动经济向财政主导模式转型,而这正是本轮周期中驱动比特币流动性的核心因素。

那么现在呢?

我们正从财政主导模式中逐渐退出。在我们看来,这种转型过程中,风险资产可能会受到负面影响。


声明:本内容为作者独立观点,不代表 CoinVoice 立场,且不构成投资建议,请谨慎对待,如需报道或加入交流群,请联系微信:VOICE-V。

来源:白话区块链

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