摩根大通接受比特币抵押贷款,华尔街金融巨头拥抱 RWA 及加密市场风潮袭来

深潮Published on 2025-07-28Last updated on 2025-07-29

一文盘点摩根大通、摩根斯坦利、高盛、花旗、瑞银、德银等华尔街金融巨头抢占 RWA 及加密赛道实况。

撰文:梁宇

编审:赵一丹

「就好比我认为你不应该吸烟,但我捍卫你吸烟的权利。现在我捍卫你购买比特币的权利,去做吧。」摩根大通首席执行官杰米·戴蒙在近期一次公开表态中如是说。这番言论标志着这位曾经将比特币称为 「诈骗」 的华尔街大佬态度发生重大转变。

几乎与此同时,摩根大通正在积极筹备一项突破性服务:允许客户使用比特币和以太坊等加密货币作为抵押品获取贷款,最早可能在 2026 年推出。这一举措不仅代表着传统银行业的重大转型,也呼应了美国近期签署的里程碑式立法——《国家稳定币创新与监管法案》(GENIUS 法案)。随着监管框架的确立,一场由华尔街巨头主导的数字资产革命正全面展开。

政策破冰:稳定币合法化开启数字资产新纪元

2025 年 7 月,美国金融监管迎来历史性时刻。特朗普总统正式签署 《GENIUS 法案》 ,建立了美国联邦层面首个针对稳定币的监管框架。

这项法案与正在审议中的《CLARITY 法案》共同标志着美国数字资产监管的「破冰」,将市场焦点从政策博弈转向基础设施的实际建设。

美银美林在最新研究报告中预测,未来 2 至 3 年内,稳定币对传统银行的存款基础和支付体系将产生 「清晰可见」 的颠覆性影响。

法案的战略意义远超技术层面。美国财政部长明确表示,该法案将刺激市场对美国国债的需求,缓解当前美债压力 5。据测算,若稳定币市场规模扩展至 2 万亿美元,发行方需配置约 1.8 万亿美元的美债,可能进一步压低美债收益率。

「监管破冰为银行业打开了数字资产创新的大门。」一位华尔街分析师评论道,「谁先掌握稳定币和 RWA 的先发优势,谁就能在下一轮金融竞争中占据制高点。」

摩根大通:从怀疑者到数字资产领军者

摩根大通的转型之路极具戏剧性。在戴蒙的领导下,这家华尔街巨头曾以对加密货币的批判立场著称。如今,它正成为传统金融机构拥抱数字资产的典范。

在最近的财报电话会议上,当被问及加密货币支付技术时,戴蒙表示:「我们将同时参与摩根大通的存款币和稳定币,以了解它,并擅长它」。这一务实态度反映了整个银行业面对数字资产浪潮的战略调整。

摩根大通已面向机构客户推出美国银行业首个代币化存款产品 JPMD,同时积极探索加密货币抵押贷款业务。据知情人士透露,该计划将允许客户使用比特币、以太坊等数字资产作为抵押品,最早可能于 2026 年推出。

由于《巴塞尔协议 III》对直接加密货币敞口要求 1250% 的风险权重,摩根大通很可能需要依靠 Coinbase 等外部托管机构来处理违约抵押品。这种合作模式为传统金融与加密生态的融合提供了新思路。

RWA 赛道:华尔街巨头的代币化竞赛

当市场关注稳定币和加密货币抵押贷款时,一场围绕现实世界资产(RWA)代币化的竞赛已在华尔街悄然展开。

摩根士丹利:私人财富管理产品代币化

2025 年 6 月,摩根士丹利通过其投资的数字交易平台 Volcano Exchange (VEX) 全球首发 RWA 代币「HL」。该代币锚定其顶级私人银行产品的未来收益权,发行规模 2000 万美元(2 亿枚代币),实现高门槛私行服务的可分割、可交易。「HL」代币是华尔街顶级投行首次将其核心高净值客户专属服务的收益权直接上链,标志着 RWA 从基础设施试验走向核心业务模式创新,目标直指拓宽财富管理客群边界。这一举措不仅体现了高净值财富管理的数字化转型,也反映出金融机构对资产代币化的逐步深化和从外围应用到核心业务模式创新的进化。

首先,摩根士丹利的「HL」代币化试验直接将顶级私人银行产品的未来收益权转化为数字资产,这一创新实现了高门槛财富管理服务的可分割与可交易,突破了传统私人银行服务单一且封闭的结构。这种代币化模式不仅提升了资产流动性,也有效降低了客户进入门槛,潜在地拓宽了财富管理的客群边界。通过这种方式,摩根士丹利不仅能够保持对高净值客户的独占性,还能借助区块链技术,增强资产的透明度与可追溯性,提升客户信任。

从整体行业趋势来看,这一案例反映出 RWA 代币化正在从基础设施试验阶段走向核心业务模式的创新。摩根士丹利通过这种代币化探索,将高净值服务核心的收益权链上化,逐步推动传统金融机构在数字资产领域的全方位布局。更重要的是,随着市场对透明度、流动性和效率的需求增长,RWA 代币化正成为未来财富管理领域竞争的关键优势。这种创新不仅使财富管理服务更加灵活与可定制,也为全球私人银行业务开启了新的增长空间。

高盛:数字资产平台分拆与多资产扩展

高盛数字资产部门负责人 Mathew McDermott 在迪拜 TOKEN2049 大会上表示,该行计划推出代币化美国国债和货币市场基金份额的 24/7 全天候交易服务。作为加密衍生品交易台的运营者,高盛还透露,计划在 2025 年启动三个代币化项目,包括美国基金代币化项目和欧元计价的数字债券。

这一战略布局展现了高盛在 RWA 代币化领域的积极扩展,尤其是在提高资产流动性和交易效率方面的深度探索。通过将传统金融资产代币化并提供全天候交易服务,高盛不仅突破了传统市场的时间限制,也为全球投资者提供了更加灵活的资产配置选择。

此外,高盛还考虑将其数字资产平台(GS DAP)分拆为独立实体,旨在提升服务效率和市场流动性。此举标志着高盛在数字资产领域的战略进一步深化,意在通过更加灵活的运营模式,更好地满足机构客户的需求,并提升其市场竞争力。这些举措不仅强化了高盛在数字资产创新中的领先地位,也为全球资本市场的数字化转型提供了有力支持。

瑞士金融体系:央行与银行的双重布局

瑞士在 RWA 代币化领域的创新具有重要意义。瑞士央行(SNB)延长了代币化资产结算试点,并计划将其接入实时总结算系统(RTGS)。这一举措不仅提升了代币化资产的安全性,还增强了其与传统支付系统的互操作性,为代币化资产在全球金融体系中的顺畅流通奠定了基础。通过将央行货币结算作为「黄金标准」,瑞士央行为全球 RWA 代币化提供了合规示范,并确保数字资产能够在更广泛的金融体系中与传统资产互联互通。

与此同时,瑞银集团(UBS)积极参与香港金管局的「Evergreen 项目」,通过采用「混合模式」发行代币化绿色债券。这一创新不仅降低了技术门槛,也推动了可持续金融的上链应用,为全球绿色金融市场注入了新的活力。瑞士的这一系列举措体现了传统金融在央行支持和清晰监管框架下,如何推动资产数字化转型。通过这一举措,瑞士在全球 RWA 代币化的监管兼容性和基础设施建设方面,为其他国家提供了宝贵经验,并助力全球金融体系的数字化转型。

花旗集团:私募股权基金代币化试验

2025 年 7 月,花旗联合 WisdomTree 与 Wellington Management,在专为金融机构设计的 Avalanche Spruce 子网上,启动端到端私募股权基金代币化试验。试验涵盖代币转移、二级交易及抵押贷款功能,旨在验证合规自动化潜力,提升私募资产流动性。此举是花旗继 2024 年推出「Citi Token Services」(存款代币化)后,向更高价值、更复杂资产类别(私募股权)扩展的关键一步,是其构建机构级 RWA 基础设施战略的延续。

花旗此次在 Avalanche Evergreen 子网上试验私募股权基金代币化,揭示出传统金融布局 RWA 的新趋势:在「合规性」与「链上效率」之间寻求平衡。面对私募资产长期存在的流动性差、透明度低等问题,花旗借助许可链架构,绕过公链的 KYC/AML 风险,保留清算自动化和资产可组合性等区块链优势。这种「半开放、强隔离」的实验模式,正成为传统金融机构主流选择。更重要的是,花旗已将「资产链上化」从外围托管走向核心业务重构,标志着 RWA 代币化的竞争正从「能不能做」迈向「谁能做得深、做得快」的新阶段。

德意志银行:稳定币与代币化存款

2025 年 6 月,德意志银行宣布正积极评估发行欧元稳定币及开发代币化存款系统,旨在优化支付效率和大幅削减跨境结算成本。策略上可能独立发行或寻求联盟合作。 在欧盟《加密资产市场监管法》(MiCA) 提供的合规框架下,德银此举不仅关乎效率提升,更是在全球稳定币格局(尤其以美元为主导)中,争夺欧元区数字金融基础设施话语权的战略举措。

这一举措不仅是提升支付效率和降低跨境结算成本的单纯技术创新,更是一项深远的战略布局,意在争夺欧元区数字金融基础设施的主导权。

在全球以美元为主导的稳定币市场中,欧元稳定币的发行体现了德意志银行对欧元区数字金融话语权的渴望。通过发行欧元稳定币,德银不仅能够提升其在跨境支付和结算中的竞争力,还能够在欧洲金融市场的数字化转型中占据领先地位。这一策略的成功实施,能有效推动欧元在数字金融生态中的流通,增强欧元区在全球金融体系中的影响力。

德意志银行的这一战略是基于 MiCA 监管框架的合规性保证下,推动金融资产代币化与数字资产基础设施的深度融合。通过代币化存款系统的开发,德银不仅为传统存款带来了数字化解决方案,也为大规模资产代币化铺平了道路。这种转型不仅能够提升资产流动性,降低跨境结算成本,还能加强金融机构之间的跨境合作。德意志银行的这一布局,表明了传统金融机构正在通过数字资产技术推动全球支付体系的升级,同时也预示着 RWA 代币化将成为未来数字资产领域的核心竞争力之一。

挑战与前景:数字资产融合的十字路口

尽管热情高涨,传统银行在拥抱数字资产的道路上仍面临多重挑战。互操作性、成本障碍和客户需求是目前最突出的问题。

基于对互操作性的需求和庞大的存量客户基础,银行业似乎更倾向于通过组建联盟的方式来推出稳定币解决方案。美银美林报告指出,尽管银行积极布局,但当前客户对稳定币的兴趣仍然「平淡」。不过几乎所有银行都表示,它们正密切关注事态发展,并已做好准备,一旦客户需求加速,便会迅速采取行动。

跨境支付被视为最具潜力的突破口。美国合众银行首席执行官 Gunjan Kedia 指出,虽然稳定币可能加剧资金管理服务业务的竞争,但对银行卡和商户收单业务影响不大。

展望未来,随着《GENIUS 法案》的实施和《CLARITY 法案》的推进,数字资产与传统金融的融合将进入快车道。随着摩根大通迈出加密货币抵押贷款的第一步,花旗深耕私募股权代币化,德意志银行探索基金代币化,传统金融与数字资产的融合已不可逆转。

金融的未来形态正在区块链上悄然构建。当华尔街最保守的银行巨头们纷纷拥抱数字资产,当曾经称比特币为「骗局」的戴蒙开始捍卫人们购买比特币的权利,一场金融体系的深层变革已悄然启动。

这场变革的结果,将决定谁能在数字经济时代掌握金融话语权。

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Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

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