上市公司跟风微策略惹质疑,融资买比特币或成高危举措

链捕手Published on 2025-05-31Last updated on 2025-05-31

原标题:《This metric shows the risks of chasing Michael Saylor’s Bitcoin price strategy》

作者:Pedro Solimano, DL News

编译:Felix, PANews

 

这一切始于 MicroStrategy。如今,似乎每周都会新出现一家上市公司宣布囤积比特币或其他加密货币。

但这里有个问题:投资者仅仅因为这些公司购买比特币,就愿意给予它们很高的估值溢价。

如果他们的股票因此没有上涨,会发生什么?

以日本的 Metaplanet 公司为例,它复制了 Michael Saylor 在 MicroStrategy 公司的比特币狂热之举。

10xResearch 表示,其股价是根据比特币 596,154 美元的交易价格计算的。

这是当前比特币约 10.6 万美元价格的五倍。

在该公司全力投入比特币之前,Metaplanet 是一家经济型酒店运营商,后来转型成为区块链基础设施提供商。

随着该公司品牌重塑,转型为一家比特币储备公司,这些业务已被搁置。

10xResearch 在 5 月 27 日的一份报告中写道:“是时候做空了吗?我们现在看到的信号与过去的拐点极为相似。”

众多公司之一

事实上,Metaplanet 是众多追随 Saylro 公司脚步的企业之一,而 Saylro 公司如今已更名为 Strategy。

5 月 27 日,特朗普媒体与技术集团(TMT)表示,计划筹集 25 亿美元用于购买比特币。

本周,因成为“meme股”而声名大噪的视频游戏零售商 GameStop 购买了 4710 枚比特币,价值约 5.13 亿美元(按当前价格计算)。

两家公司的股价均出现下跌。

这些新的比特币储备公司采用了一种相对简单的策略:通过发行可转换债券筹集资金,然后用这笔钱大量购入比特币。

为何突然涌现出这么多效仿 Saylor 的人?简而言之,这对公司来说效果显著。

自 2020 年 8 月开始实施比特币购买计划以来,Strategy 的股价已上涨了 10 倍。该公司持有超 57.6 万枚比特币,价值约 630 亿美元。

谨慎行事

但怀疑论者表示,有充分的理由要保持谨慎。

首先,认为在公司资产负债表上囤积比特币或其他任何加密货币是稳赚不赔的想法简直是无稽之谈。

知名宏观分析师 Noelle Acheson 表示,那些效仿 Saylor 的人坚信这种策略毫无风险,令人担忧。“尤其是那些在比特币价格高企时才场的人。”

当 Strategy 首次购入比特币时,交易价格约为 1.1 万美元,仅约为当前 10.7 万美元的十分之一。

随着这种策略逐渐流行,分析师和资深投资者可能会将注意力集中在一个特定的指标上,以消除噪音——即净资产价值(NAV)。

NAV 是指公司持有资产的账面价值。

当 NAV 出现错配时,意味着公司的股价与其所持资产的实际价值不一致。

以 Metaplanet 为例。

该公司持有价值约 8.3 亿美元的 7800 枚比特币。然而,该公司的市值为 56 亿美元,这意味着一枚比特币价值 596154 美元。

换言之,投资者为间接投资比特币而支付的价格是比特币本身价格的五倍。

10xResearch 分析师表示,“一种危险的 NAV 扭曲正在暗中形成”。

“我们应该克制对这种噱头的热情。”—— Noelle Acheson

这意味着 Metaplanet 的股价(本月已上涨 233%)随时可能逆转走势。

但也别忘了 Strategy。它频繁的溢价或许对股东有利,但也令人担忧。

据 Strategy Tracker 数据,2020 年,投资者对 Strategy 股票的估值是其比特币价值的六倍多,去年超过了其价值的三倍。

像传奇卖空者 Jim Chanos 这样的对冲基金专家,一直在利用 NAV 错配的现象做空 Strategy,并买入更多比特币。

内幕抛售

与此同时,加密货币储备策略正获得巨大发展势头。

就在本周,特朗普旗下社交媒体公司的母公司特朗普媒体与技术集团(TMT)计划筹集 25 亿美元用于投资比特币。但在披露计划后,其股价暴跌了 11%。

为什么?一些人可能担心内部人士会抛售他们的股份。

该公司表示,未来可能进行的股票出售将包括一些内部人士的股票,比如由其子小唐纳德·特朗普控制的信托基金,该信托基金持有公司 57%的股份。

与此同时,许多效仿 Saylor 的公司(其中一些甚至都不是加密货币公司),其估值完全取决于持有的比特币数量。

Semler Scientific 生产医疗设备。在购买了 581 枚比特币后,其股价飙升了30%。

由前总统候选人 Vivek Ramaswamy 创立的 Strive Asset Management 表示,已为购买比特币筹集了 7.5 亿美元,另有 7.5 亿美元正在筹备中。

科技公司 ASST 宣布与 Strive 资产管理公司合并,转型为一家比特币储备公司,其股价随即上涨 194%。

由比特币布道者 Jack Mallers 领导,并得到 Tether、软银和 Cantor Fitzgerald 支持的一家新创公司 Twenty One,其出现的唯一目的就是尽可能多地吸纳比特币。

这家名为 Cantor Equity Partners 的控股公司自 4 月底成立以来,股价已上涨超 300%。

该公司列出了与其商业模式相关的 76 项风险,其中许多风险并不常见。

由 David Bailey 领导的 Nakamoto Inc 与一家医疗保健公司合并,筹集 7 亿美元收购比特币。

如今,宏观分析师 Noelle Acheson 表示,企业将比特币纳入其资产储备是合情合理的。

但大量企业将比特币作为自身存在的唯一理由,这确实引发了某些过度炒作的警告。

所有这些企业面临的最大风险是宏观经济风险。而在特朗普时代,这是一个巨大的因素。

就连 Michael Saylor 也无法摆脱地缘政治的影响。

关税、不断上涨的通货膨胀以及美联储不确定的利率政策令市场紧张不安。国债收益率仍居高不下,这尤其令人担忧,因为这意味着投资者可能对美元作为避险资产的信心正在减弱。

这对股票和加密货币等风险偏好型资产来说都是不利的。

所有这一切都意味着,Saylor 的数十亿美元比特币购入行为,过去能提振这种顶级加密货币,如今已不再能起到这样的作用。

如果像 Strategy 或 Metaplanet 这样的公司的股价持续上涨,其他跟风者可能会不断涌现。这可能会进一步削弱此类购买比特币行为的影响力。

Acheson 写道:“我们应当克制对这种噱头的热情。”

“创新的金融工程起初总是作为一种能带来收益的迷人新工具出现,但随着兴趣和风险的饱和,不可避免地会变得脆弱。”

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