深度解读Nike的RTFKT诉讼:被指“软跑路”后,对Web3世界有何影响?

marsbitPublished on 2025-05-14Last updated on 2025-05-15

RTFKT(发音为“artifact”)是一家数字时尚和技术公司,2021年被耐克收购,期间推出了带有标志性 Swoosh 图案的NFT数字和实体运动鞋,2024年12月3日宣布将关闭。关闭当日,“今天我们宣布计划逐步结束RTFKT的运营,”公司在X平台(前身为Twitter)上表示,“回顾过去,我们为一起取得的成就感到无比自豪。”

RTFKT自2021年通过在Nifty Gateway平台上销售了价值10,000美元的运动鞋,自进入NFT市场以来迅速建立了一个庞大的以以太坊为基础的NFT和实物收藏品生态系统,期间与艺术家村上隆等人合作。

2024年年末关闭之后,运动品牌巨头 Nike 面临一场价值500 万美元的集体诉讼。起诉方是其收购的 NFT 品牌 RTFKT 的持有者,他们声称 Nike 借助品牌影响力和长期愿景对 RTFKT NFT 进行炒作,最终却“悄然放弃”该项目,构成了所谓的“软地毯式跑路”(soft rug pull)。

这起诉讼成为加密世界最受关注的法律战之一,也或将成为美国法院首次系统审视 NFT 性质和品牌责任的重要判例,深远影响 Web3 行业中传统企业的合规边界。

什么是“软 rug”?

经验丰富的加密律师、前法学院教授、《The DeFi Defender》通讯的作者Carlo D’Angelo 表示,这类案件的关键区别在于,“软 rug pull”并非暴力抛售,而是项目方逐步——但带有主观意图或重大过失地——背离原定发展路线图,使原本具有想象空间的 NFT 逐渐失去价值。

原告(NFT 持有者)将主张:Nike 的品牌宣传曾让用户合理预期项目会持续发展,当 Nike 最终关停 RTFKT 时,实际上造成了损失。

Nike 则可能辩称:

  • Nike RTFKT 的 NFT 是“收藏品”而非证券;
  • 公司并无法律义务无限期运营一个商业上不可持续的项目。

是否涉及“未注册证券”?

根据现行美国证券法的判定标准(即 “Howey 测试”),法院将判断 RTFKT NFT是否被当作一种“投资合同”来销售。

Carlo D’Angelo 指出,尽管美国证监会(SEC)目前在加密政策上趋向宽松(尤其是在特朗普回归背景下),但法院将依据此前相关案件来独立判断,而不是听命于 SEC 的观点。

这意味着:原告要想证明这些 NFT 属于证券,难度不小。

Nike 是否误导了消费者?

本案并不单纯依赖“证券法”诉讼逻辑,原告团队还采用了“双重路径”策略:

  • 一方面指控 Nike 在推广 NFT 时,未做充分披露;
  • 另一方面援引纽约与加州等州的消费者保护法,指责 Nike 所承诺的“未来可用性和持续支持”并未兑现。

这种策略即使不能赢得“证券认定”,也可能通过消费者保护层面索赔成功。


RTFKT 的关停是否成了关键证据?

某种程度上,是的。RTFKT 品牌的正式关停,被原告视为 Nike 放弃项目、违背宣传的关键事实。NFT 持有者认为,他们之所以购买这些数字资产,是基于 Nike 会持续投入资源和支持该生态的“合理期待”。


案件结果将如何影响整个 Web3 世界?

Carlo D’Angelo 预测:法院可能会驳回“证券类索赔”,但不排除原告可在“消费者权益”层面取得部分胜诉。

无论结果如何,此案对品牌方都是一次警示:

  • 如果原告胜诉,企业在 Web3 世界的行为将被更严格审视;
  • 企业未来推出 NFT 时,或需避免许下“持续支持”“未来功能”等难以长期兑现的承诺;
  • 甚至可能导致品牌整体对 NFT 的投入意愿下降。


小结

Nike 的 RTFKT NFT 案不只是一次普通的法律纠纷,它将为 Web3 世界带来以下三点深远影响:

  1. NFT 是否构成证券的司法界定;
  2. 传统品牌是否需为数字资产长期负责;
  3. 企业如何在 Web3 中平衡创新与法律风险。

未来,或许每一个“mint now, roadmap later”的 NFT 项目,都将面临更多追责可能。

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