「第二次 180 度转变」的背后,什么让特朗普「认怂」了?

Foresight NewsPublished on 2025-04-24Last updated on 2025-04-24

Abstract

特朗普「认怂」的背后,面临金融市场动荡、商界领袖劝阻、经济数据警示信号频发等多重压力。

撰文:赵颖

来源:华尔街见闻

隔夜美国「股债汇」全面反弹,风险情绪明显回暖。三大美股指收涨超 1%,美元指数升近 100,十年期美债收益率盘中下滑。

在这场突如其来的市场狂欢背后,过去几周市场两大担忧点迎来转机,特朗普对关税政策立场软化,并对鲍威尔的评论发生转变。

据央视新闻周三报道,特朗普当地时间 22 号表示,将会「大幅降低」对中国的高额关税。根据《卫报》的报道,特朗普的言论是对美国财长贝森特 22 号早些时候言论的回应。贝森特表示,高关税是不可持续的。

而在周二,特朗普也「改口」,称没打算解雇鲍威尔,现在是降息的绝佳时机。

而特朗普「认怂」的背后,面临金融市场动荡、商界领袖劝阻、经济数据警示信号频发等多重压力。

商界领袖劝阻,企业信心崩塌

据媒体周四援引知情人士消息,在与沃尔玛、家得宝和塔吉特高管会面后的第二天,特朗普放弃了强硬的关税言论。这些高管表示,进口税可能会扰乱供应链,推高商品价格。其中一位知情人士表示,特朗普似乎对几周内商店货架可能空空如也的警告产生了共鸣。

此外,当被问及总统在关税和贸易政策方面咨询谁时,贝森特表示,特朗普「不断征求商界领袖的意见」,并提到了主要零售商的来访,并透露「德国三大汽车公司周五也来访了

值得一提的是企业界的反应,美企 CEO 的悲观情绪堪比金融危机时期,几乎每家企业都在下调预测。另数据显示,27% 的标普 500 指数公司已下调 2025 年业绩预期,仅 9% 的公司上调预期。

商业领袖们的集体行动表明,企业界正在积极游说正影响政策走向。不过,众所周知特朗普很容易改变主意,他的姿态也可能再次转变。

数据警示信号频发:硬着陆风险加剧、通胀预期显著上升

受特朗普关税政策带来的不确定性影响,美国人对经济的展望已然恶化,调查数据显示未来通胀预期飙升。许多分析师也对美国经济前景持悲观态度,

美国供应管理协会(ISM)的数据显示,美国制造业活动上个月出现萎缩。美国 4 月里士满联储制造业活动调查显示整体商业状况暴跌至 -30,费城联储非制造业调查指数在 4 月份暴跌至 -42.7。纽约联储的数据显示,4 月份纽约制造业活动连续第二个月萎缩。

调查数据显示未来通胀预期飙升,鲍威尔此前表示,宣布的关税上调幅度超出预期,这些关税可能至少会导致通胀暂时上升。他和其他美联储官员已表示,他们愿意维持利率不变,等待关税对经济影响的明朗化。

华尔街分析师已迅速调整其经济预测,高盛、摩根士丹利和摩根大通等主要投行纷纷下调美国 GDP 增长预期,同时上调通胀预期。共识观点认为,激进关税政策的实施将导致美国经济增长率至少降低 0.3-0.5 个百分点,同时使核心通胀率上升 0.4-0.6 个百分点。

市场如何预测政策走向:关注这些关键指标

对投资者而言,预测政策走向的关键在于关注几个核心指标。高盛最新研究发现,初始失业申请、费城联储制造业指数、ISM 服务业指数和失业率是预警经济放缓的最佳指标。这些指标通常在衰退开始后仅一个月就会发出信号,而硬数据如 GDP 则需要四个月才会明显显示疲软。

这些指标的表现优于其他数据,因为它们发布频率高、修正幅度小,且能较早发布。初始失业申请每周四公布,下周还将公布失业率数据。

交易员还应密切关注特朗普与企业领袖的会面安排。过去数据表明,此类会面后通常会出现政策基调的微妙变化。凡此种种,都可能为未来政策走向提供关键线索。

市场热议的一个关键问题是:这是真正的政策转向,还是仅仅是短暂的战术调整?不管答案如何,一点已经明确:投资者需要为比预期更具波动性的 2025 年做好准备。

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