VanEck 提议推出「国债 +BTC」债券,化解 14 万亿难题

深潮TechFlowPublished on 2025-04-16Last updated on 2025-04-16

Abstract

债券到期时,投资者将获得美国国债部分的全额价值(以 100 美元的债券为例,这部分价值为 90 美元)以及 BTC 配置的价值。

该概念在战略 BTC 储备峰会上提出,旨在解决主权融资需求和投资者对通胀保护的需求。
来源:cryptoslate


编译:区块链骑士


VanEck 数字资产研究主管 Matthew Sigel 提议推出「比特债券」(BitBonds),这是一种将美国国债与 BTC 敞口相结合的混合债务工具,作为一种新颖的策略来应对美国政府迫在眉睫的 14 万亿美元再融资需求。


该概念在战略 BTC 储备峰会(Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Summit)上提出,旨在解决主权融资需求和投资者对通胀保护的需求。


比特债券将被设计为 10 年期证券,其中 90% 为传统美国国债敞口,10% 为 BTC 敞口,BTC 部分由债券发行收益提供资金。


债券到期时,投资者将获得美国国债部分的全额价值(以 100 美元的债券为例,这部分价值为 90 美元)以及 BTC 配置的价值。


此外,在到期收益率达到 4.5% 之前,投资者将获得 BTC 全部增值收益。超过这一阈值的任何收益将由政府和债券持有人分摊。


这种结构旨在使债券投资者的利益与美国财政部以有竞争力的利率进行再融资的需求保持一致,因为投资者越来越希望能抵御美元贬值和资产通胀。
Sigel 表示,该提案是「解决激励措施不匹配问题的统一解决方案」。


投资者的盈亏平衡点


根据 Sigel 的预测,投资者盈亏平衡点取决于债券的固定票面利率和 BTC 的复合年增长率(CAGR)。


对于票面利率为 4% 的债券,BTC CAGR 的盈亏平衡点为 0%。但对于息票率较低的债券,盈亏平衡门槛更高:2% 息票率债券的 CAGR 为 13.1%,1% 息票率债券的 CAGR 为 16.6%。


如果 BTC CAGR 保持在 30% 至 50% 之间,模型回报率将在所有票面利率层级中急剧上升,投资者收益最高可达 282%。


Sigel 表示,比特债券对相信 BTC 的投资者来说将是一种「凸性赌注」,因为该工具将提供不对称的上行空间,同时保留无风险回报的基本层。然而,其结构意味着投资者将承担 BTC 敞口的全部下行风险。


在 BTC 贬值的情况下,票面利率较低的债券可能会产生严重的负收益。例如,如果 BTC 表现不佳,1% 票面利率的比特债券将损失 20% 至 46%。


美国财政部收益


从美国政府的角度来看,比特债券的核心收益将是降低融资成本。即使 BTC 略有升值或没有升值,财政部也将比发行传统 4% 固定利率债券节省利息支出。


根据 Sigel 的分析,政府的盈亏平衡利率约为 2.6%。发行票面利率低于该水平的债券将降低年度债务利息支出,即使在 BTC 持平或下跌的情况下也能节省资金。


Sigel 预测,发行 1000 亿美元、票面利率为 1% 且没有 BTC 上涨收益的比特债券,将在债券存续期内为政府节省 130 亿美元。如果 BTC 达到 30% 的 CAGR,同样的发行量可能会产生超过 400 亿美元的额外价值,主要来自 BTC 收益的分成。


Sigel 还指出,这种方法将创建一个差异化的主权债券类别,为美国提供 BTC 的不对称上行敞口,同时减少以美元计价的债务。


他补充道:「BTC 的上涨只会让交易更划算。最坏的情况是低成本融资,最好的情况是获得世界上最坚挺资产的长期波动率敞口。」


政府的 BTC CAGR 盈亏平衡点随着债券票面利率的提高而上升,3% 票面利率比特债券的盈亏平衡点为 14.3%,4% 票面利率版本的盈亏平衡点为 16.3%。在 BTC 表现不佳的情况下,只有在政府发行高票面利率债券且 BTC 表现不佳时,财政部才会遭受损失。


发行复杂性和风险分配的权衡


尽管存在潜在收益,但 VanEck 的报告也承认了该结构的缺点。投资者承担了 BTC 的下行风险,却无法充分参与上行收益,除非 BTC 表现异常出色,否则低票面利率债券将变得缺乏吸引力。


从结构上看,财政部还需要发行更多债务来弥补用于购买 BTC 的 10% 收益。每筹集 1000 亿美元资金,就需要额外发行 11.1% 的债券来抵消 BTC 配置的影响。
该提案提出了可能的设计改进方案,包括为投资者提供部分下行保护,以抵御 BTC 的急剧下跌。

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563 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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