连环做市商暴雷:一场3800万美元收割背后的加密暗战与行业困局

MarsBitPublished on 2025-03-25Last updated on 2025-03-26

Abstract

当交易所、项目方、做市商结成利益同盟,散户便成为这场游戏中唯一的输家。

2025年3月25日,币安的一纸公告再次将加密市场的“做市商黑箱”推上风口浪尖。Movement(MOVE)项目的做市商被曝通过恶意抛售6600万枚代币获利3800万美元,而这已是继GPS、Shell代币暴跌后,币安年内第三次公开披露做市商违规操作。这场连环暴雷背后,不仅暴露了行业积弊的冰山一角,更掀开了交易所、项目方与资本之间的隐秘博弈。


​一、事件复盘:从MOVE到GPS,Web3port的“教科书级收割”​


1. MOVE崩盘:一场精密的流动性狙击战

交易所




2024年12月10日,MOVE代币上线币安的第二天,做市商Web3port在几乎没有买单支撑的情况下,集中抛售6600万枚代币(占流通量的3.11%),导致价格闪崩。三个月后,该做市商累计获利3800万美元,最终被币安冻结收益并下架。


链上数据显示,Web3port的操作遵循“拿筹码-制造流动性真空-恐慌抛售”的标准路径:

  • ​筹码获取:项目方最初向Web3port分配7000万枚MOVE代币,作为流动性支持的对价;
  • ​抛售时机:选择代币上线次日市场情绪高涨但深度不足的窗口期;
  • ​收割手法:通过挂单量远超市场承接能力的“卖单墙”制造踩踏效应,低价回购形成二次套利。



2. 前传:GPS与Shell的“同款剧本”​

交易所


这并非Web3port首次登场。2025年3月,GoPlus(GPS)上线币安三天内暴跌80%,做市商抛售7000万枚代币套现4000万美元;Shell 以同样手法腰斩,获利2000万美元。三家项目方均声称“对做市商行为不知情”,但链上资金流向显示,Web3port与项目方存在代币分配协议,且部分地址疑似关联亚洲资本。


​二、未解之谜:谁在操控这场“合规游戏”?


1. 币安的“选择性披露”:监管倒逼还是主动净化?


过去一年,币安上线的代币中有超过80%出现“上市即暴跌”现象,但直到2025年3月才集中披露三家做市商违规。这一时间点耐人寻味:

  • ​外部压力:2024年SEC起诉币安纵容市场操纵的旧案仍在发酵,主动披露或为换取监管缓和;
  • ​内部整顿:币安新任合规官David Newns上任后,推动交易所风控系统升级,AI监测模型捕捉到异常交易链;
  • ​社区倒逼:多个KOL等通过链上数据公开质疑,迫使交易所回应。



2. 做市商背锅?项目方与资本的“合谋嫌疑”​


尽管Movement基金会声称“3月11日才从币安获知违规”,但链上证据显示:

  • ​代币分配漏洞:项目方在空投中仅释放0.6%代币,17个关联地址提前向做市商转移超1亿枚MOVE;
  • ​利益绑定:Web3port被曝是Movement的“战略合作伙伴”,其母公司Spark Digital Capital曾参与项目早期融资;
  • ​沉默的资本:做市商获利资金最终流向新加坡和香港的离岸账户,疑似与亚洲VC体系存在分润协议。

更讽刺的是,当社区要求项目方起诉做市商时,Movement仅承诺“用冻结资金回购代币”——本质上是用散户亏损的钱“自救”,而非追究责任。


3. 行业潜规则:做市商为何成为“收割白手套”?


传统金融市场中,做市商需持牌经营且受严格监管,但在加密领域,这一角色却沦为灰色地带的套利工具:

  • ​上币门槛:交易所要求项目方提供做市商背书,后者借此索取代币折扣或免费配额;
  • ​利益输送:做市商通过“保流动性”换取项目方代币,再通过抛售套现,与VC退出形成闭环;
  • ​监管真空:多数司法辖区未将加密做市商纳入监管,违规成本极低。



​三、交易所困局:效率与安全的“不可能三角”​


1. 币安的“两难”​


作为行业龙头,币安既要维护交易深度(依赖做市商),又需保障用户利益(打击操纵),但两者往往冲突:

  • ​技术局限:尽管引入AI监控,但做市商通过跨链桥、混币器隐匿资金流向,交易所难以实时追踪;
  • ​利益绑定:头部做市商掌握上币资源,交易所若全面封杀可能导致流动性枯竭;
  • ​责任转嫁:通过“下架做市商+项目方回购”平息舆论,但未触及代币分配机制等核心问题。



2. 其他交易所的“沉默共谋”​


相比币安的高调处理,OKX、Bybit等平台对类似事件长期保持沉默。行业分析师指出:

  • ​竞争压力:中小交易所依赖做市商刷量维持排名,默许其操纵行为;
  • ​合规成本:建立链上监控系统和举报机制需要巨额投入,非头部平台无力承担;
  • ​行业黑箱:做市商常以多个马甲在不同平台操作,单一交易所难以全局监控。



​四、行业反思:加密市场如何走出“系统性腐败”?


1. 技术破局:链上透明化能否根治顽疾?

  • ​做市商地址公示:强制公开钱包地址,通过Dune等工具实时监控代币流向;
  • ​智能合约约束:将做市商报酬与代币长期表现挂钩,而非一次性代币分配;
  • ​DAO治理介入:社区投票决定做市商资格,打破项目方与做市商的单向协议。



2. 制度重构:从“野蛮生长”到“持牌经营”​

  • ​牌照门槛:参考MiCA法规,要求做市商披露资金实力、交易策略及关联方;
  • ​司法协作:建立交易所间“做市商黑名单”,联合冻结违规资金;
  • ​投资者救济:设立行业保障基金,对操纵导致的损失先行赔付。



3. 投资者自救:如何识别“做市商陷阱”?

  • ​链上侦查:通过Etherscan/BNB Chain浏览器追踪大额代币流向,警惕上线前异常充值;
  • ​项目尽调:优先选择自建做市团队或与Wintermute等合规机构合作的项目;
  • ​监管动态:关注SEC等机构对做市商操纵的执法案例,规避高风险平台。


​五、终极拷问:信任崩塌后,加密市场还剩什么?


Movement事件绝非孤例,而是行业系统性腐败的缩影。当交易所、项目方、做市商结成利益同盟,散户便成为这场游戏中唯一的输家。币安此次“断腕式”处理虽展现了改革决心,但若不能从代币分配机制、做市商准入标准等根源入手,类似的收割剧本仍将重演。
加密市场的未来,不仅需要更透明的链上数据,更需要一场彻底的利益分配革命。当行业90%的项目依赖做市商“刷量上币”,或许唯有推翻这套扭曲的规则,才能真正走向成熟。



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