让加密再次伟大?特朗普助力,华尔街梭哈

MarsBitPublished on 2025-03-16Last updated on 2025-03-17

Abstract

“我们上线了比特币,接着是以太坊,现在我们刚刚宣布将上线Solana,”达菲说道,“我希望看到加密资产变得更加主流。”

仅仅三年前,一场激烈的争论在全球衍生品市场年度盛会——被誉为“衍生品市场达沃斯”的会议上引发广泛关注。这场争论的双方,一方是大名鼎鼎的加密货币亿万富豪、FTX 创始人萨姆·班克曼-弗里德(Sam Bankman-Fried,简称SBF),另一方是美国最大期货及期权交易所的掌门人特里·达菲(Terry Duffy)。


当时,这场交锋不仅凸显了传统华尔街对加密行业新生力量的深深质疑,也揭示了这位加密巨头试图颠覆衍生品交易模式的雄心。SBF希望推动数字资产进入主流市场,而达菲则是金融传统秩序的坚定捍卫者,二人针锋相对,使这一争端成为行业内外关注的焦点。
但那已是过去的事了。


今年,就在全球最大交易所和加密公司高管正准备前往佛罗里达州参加期货行业大会之际,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布将建立战略性比特币储备。尽管这一举措更具象征意义,但它无疑进一步确立了数字资产作为主流金融工具的合法地位。

交易所


对于此前仅试探性涉足加密市场的华尔街机构而言,未来四年将是一个难得的机遇。在特朗普政府的推动下,加密行业正迅速升温。周四,彭博社报道称,特朗普家族旗下的加密企业 World Liberty Financial Inc. 已与全球最大数字资产交易所币安(Binance Holdings Ltd.) 进行了业务洽谈,或将展开更深层次的合作。


这种情绪与氛围上的变化在本周的会议上展现得淋漓尽致。大会在博卡拉顿酒店举行,传统金融高管与加密行业从业者齐聚一堂,彼此交流。至于最显眼的不同,那就是这次几乎所有人都穿上了西装,或者至少是有领衬衫。往年加密圈标志性的短裤+T恤打扮几乎销声匿迹,场面正式了不少。

交易所


连娱乐环节也透着一股“老钱”气息。70 年代传奇摇滚乐队 Cheap Trick 登台献唱,为现场观众助兴——要知道,台下坐着的,可是纽约证券交易所总裁林恩·马丁(Lynn Martin) 和 DRW Holdings 创始人唐·威尔逊(Don Wilson) 这样的金融大佬。

交易所


“加密行业回来了。”芝加哥期权巨头 Cboe Global Markets衍生品主管凯瑟琳·克莱(Catherine Clay) 在接受采访时说道。“在经历了几年的沉寂后,我们确实看到加密主题在博卡拉顿会议上重新回归。”

交易所


唐纳德·特朗普在竞选期间曾承诺要让美国成为“全球加密之都”,而自上任以来,他确实在兑现这一承诺。他签署了关于数字资产的行政命令,并推动监管机构采取行动。他的证券监管团队组建了一个专门针对加密行业的工作组,由长期支持该行业的海丝特·皮尔斯(Hester Peirce) 负责领导。


这一切都在增强华尔街对加密市场的信心。肯·格里芬(Ken Griffin) 旗下的 Citadel Securities(城堡证券) 过去在数字资产领域一直持谨慎态度,但如今正寻求更深度参与,计划成为加密货币市场的流动性提供商。与此同时,CME Group Inc.(芝加哥商品交易所集团) 在超越币安(Binance)成为全球最大的比特币衍生品交易所后,正进一步扩张,推出 Solana期货。而据知情人士透露,过去一直对加密市场保持距离的 Intercontinental Exchange Inc.(洲际交易所集团) 也开始看到机会,准备入场,与老对手 CME 直接竞争。


海外交易所也纷纷跟进。在本次会议上,新加坡交易所(Singapore Exchange Ltd., SGX) 宣布计划在今年下半年推出比特币永续期货(Bitcoin perpetual futures)。该公司表示,其首个数字资产合约将严格面向机构客户。


“到今年年底,会有更多公司大举进军加密领域。” 由城堡证券(Citadel Securities) 支持的数字资产公司 EDX Markets LLC 首席商务与战略官珍妮·海托沃-塞利托(Jeanine Hightower-Sellitto) 在采访中表示,“过去两个半月以来,尤其是自总统就职日以来,市场情绪发生了巨大转变。”


对华尔街而言,今年的会议还带来了一个新的共识:支撑加密货币的区块链技术,将成为推动美国股票市场 24/7 全天候交易的关键。


DRW Holdings创始人之一,同时也是加密公司 Digital Asset 联合创始人的唐·威尔逊(Don Wilson) 表示,“过去有几年,加密行业充满炒作和夸大宣传。” 但在他看来,“今年的不同之处在于,市场真正开始意识到,区块链技术将在推动 24/7 交易模式转型的过程中发挥核心作用。”

交易所


在2022年SBF的公司破产并被判犯有欺诈罪后,加密货币行业失去了往日的风光。那一年,他创立的FTX交易所在博卡拉顿海滩举办了一场深夜鸡尾酒会,在展厅的巨型展位上发放品牌周边商品,并举办了一场与从棒球明星转型为商人的亚历克斯·罗德里格斯(Alex Rodriguez,简称A-Rod)的炉边谈话。由于他挥金如土,从美国监管机构到政客,甚至汤姆·布雷迪(Tom Brady),都愿意听听他的想法。


但达菲并不买账。这位长期担任芝加哥商品交易所(CME)负责人的行业资深人士,20世纪80年代在芝加哥的交易大厅开启了他的职业生涯。他对SBF的雄心勃勃的计划持怀疑态度。FTX希望独立处理客户在加密货币衍生品方面的所有需求,使用算法而非经纪人来帮助清算交易。


“我在2017年就把加密货币引入了芝加哥商品交易所(CME),那时候我连SBF是谁都不知道,”达菲在今年的一次采访中说道。他直言,SBF的计划“从风险管理的角度来看非常危险”。


达菲对2022年他们在博卡拉顿酒店酒吧的那次交锋毫不避讳,称之为“一场小摩擦”。此前在接受彭博社(Bloomberg)采访时,他回忆道,自己当时直接告诉SBF,他是个骗子,还说自己右口袋里的钱都比这位加密货币高管的资产要多。这一说法在2022年底FTX申请破产时得到了印证。该破产案揭露了一场持续多年的骗局,检察官称SBF从客户、投资者和贷款机构手中骗走了约100亿美元。

交易所


FTX暴雷后,美国总统乔·拜登(Joe Biden)领导下的监管机构对加密货币行业展开了大规模打击。美国顶级衍生品监管机构——商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)在去年的执法行动中追回了创纪录的171亿美元,其中大部分来自针对FTX和币安(Binance)的数字资产案件。

交易所


受此影响,一些公司主动收缩业务,转而将目光投向迪拜、新加坡和香港等海外金融中心。交易巨头Jump和Jane Street缩减了在美国的加密货币做市业务。由于华盛顿方面缺乏明确的监管框架,Cboe关闭了其加密货币现货业务。


自特朗普上任以来,监管的枷锁已经开始松动。上个月,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)结束了对Robinhood Markets Inc.加密货币业务的调查,并表示不会采取任何执法行动。同时,SEC还撤销了对美国最大数字资产交易平台Coinbase Global Inc.的诉讼,该诉讼此前指控其运营非法交易所。


仅在过去一个月,SEC就驳回或暂停了至少10起针对加密货币公司的案件。


Tradeweb市场结构负责人伊丽莎白·柯比(Elisabeth Kirby)表示,快速变化的监管环境正在为机构投资者更深入地参与加密市场铺平道路。Tradeweb是一家运营场外交易市场的公司,业务涵盖利率、信贷、货币市场、股票以及加密货币ETF等领域。


银行也在积极布局,试图抢占更多加密货币业务。此前在加密领域并不活跃的摩根士丹利(Morgan Stanley),如今正在为潜在的IPO客户铺路。美国银行(Bank of America Corp.)的高管们正在讨论是否进一步推动为数字资产公司提供交易支持,而加拿大皇家银行(Royal Bank of Canada)在去年底完成其首笔加密交易后,正寻求拓展更多业务。
在本周的会议上,合作成为主旋律。讨论的核心聚焦于传统金融与加密行业如何携手共进。


就连达菲也表示,他现在支持加密行业的成功——毕竟,去年芝加哥商品交易所(CME)数字资产的日均交易量飙升了200%以上,交易额达到68亿美元。


“我们上线了比特币,接着是以太坊,现在我们刚刚宣布将上线Solana,”达菲说道,“我希望看到加密资产变得更加主流。”

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