黄金稳坐避险王座,比特币仍在「青春期」挣扎

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-03-14Last updated on 2025-03-14

Abstract

比特币还是避险资产吗?

原文作者:比推 BitpushNews Mary Liu

在昨日因温和通胀数据而小幅反弹后,美股周四再次大幅下跌,并似乎拖累比特币(BTC)一同走低。截至当天收盘,纳指跌近 2% ,标普 500 指数下跌 1.39% 。比特币在前一日触及近 8.5 万美元后,已回落至 8.1 万美元下方,过去 24 小时跌幅近 3% 。

黄金稳坐避险王座,比特币仍在「青春期」挣扎

然而,黄金一如既往地展现了其避险属性,现货黄金价创下历史新高,截至撰稿时,距离首次突破每盎司 3000 美元仅一步之遥。

黄金稳坐避险王座,比特币仍在「青春期」挣扎

自纳斯达克指数三周前见顶以来,该指数已下跌近 15% 。同期,黄金上涨约 1% ,比特币下跌近 20% 。

似曾相识的情景

当前黄金的表现可能让大家想起 2024 年的情景。当时,加密货币和美股横盘整理,而黄金则创下新高。在 3 月至 10 月期间,比特币在 5 万至 7 万美元之间震荡,而黄金上涨近 40% 至 2800 美元。而随着特朗普当选,比特币一度飙升至 10 万美元以上,而黄金涨势则因资金从避险资产流向风险资产而停滞。

黄金稳坐避险王座,比特币仍在「青春期」挣扎

如今风水轮流转,Bold.report 数据显示,黄金 ETF 在过去 30 天内录得自 2022 年初以来最大的资金流入,增加了 300 万盎司的黄金持仓。

相比之下,SoSoValue 数据显示,美国现货比特币 ETF 自 2 月以来已流失 50 亿美元,创下一年来最严重的资金外流纪录。

加密市场交易量和期货活动均出现显著下降。根据 CoinDesk 的统计数据,中心化交易所(CEX)的交易活动急剧下滑,现货和衍生品交易量合计下降 20.6% ,至 7.20 万亿美元,创下自去年 10 月以来的最低水平。

芝加哥商品交易所(CME)的比特币期货交易量也下降了 20.3% ,至 1750 亿美元,导致 CME 的加密货币交易总量下降 19.9% ,至 2290 亿美元。这是五个月来的首次下跌,与 BTC CME 年化基差的下跌趋势一致。目前,BTC CME 年化基差已跌至 4.08% ,为 2023 年 3 月以来的最低水平。

比特币=青春期的黄金?

这并不是比特币第一次与避险资产的定义脱钩。在 2020 年 COVID 引发的市场崩盘中,比特币在两天内暴跌超过 50% 。尽管如此,数字黄金的说法近年来仍被屡屡提及。

尤其是特朗普政府在其行政命令中提到比特币的避险潜力,并计划建立国家比特币储备,这一论点的核心在于,通过储备比特币可以对冲金融不稳定性,这与储备黄金和石油的逻辑类似。

然而,也有人持更为谨慎的态度。彭博智库分析师 Eric Balchunas 曾将比特币比作投资中的「辣椒酱」,认为它可以为传统的股票和债券投资组合增添一些「风味」。与其他高风险资产相比,比特币吸引他的地方在于「它背后关于对冲美元贬值的叙事」。

Balchunas 认为:「对我来说,比特币就像处于青春期的黄金。」

也有市场观察人士指出,比特币的表现更像是一种被过度美化的科技股,而非数字黄金。ETF Store 总裁 Nate Geraci 在 X 平台上表示:「如果比特币等于『数字黄金』,那么它应该表现得像黄金一样。否则,这将强化比特币只是一种高波动性资产的说法。在我看来,大多数加密货币等同于科技股,因此它们目前并将继续受到科技股抛售的影响。」

黄金稳坐避险王座,比特币仍在「青春期」挣扎

均衡配置

黄金的表现优于比特币并不令人意外,毕竟黄金有着几百年的财富保值历史,是全球公认的避险资产。相比之下,比特币虽然近期表现不佳,但其长期潜力仍然值得关注。对于希望分散投资风险的投资者来说,同时配置可能是一个有效的策略。

黄金的吸引力在于其低波动性和作为对冲经济不确定性的工具。数据显示,去年黄金的长期波动率仅为 15% ,而比特币的波动率则高达 40% 。不过,比特币的波动性已经比几年前接近 100% 的水平显著下降。随着市场的成熟,比特币的价格走势有望进一步趋于稳定。

黄金稳坐避险王座,比特币仍在「青春期」挣扎

(BTC 红色曲线,黄金蓝色曲线)

另外,美国现货比特币 ETF 仅推出一年多的时间,且在许多国家,比特币仍未被列为可投资资产。尽管如此,比特币的市场地位正在逐步提升。从最初被银行禁止,到后来稳定币的兴起,再到可再生能源在挖矿中的应用,以及可投资 ETF 的推出,比特币一步步克服了诸多挑战。

关于比特币在当前周期中的位置,市场分析师@AxelAdlerJr 认为,可以关注 BTC 与黄金比率(BTC/Gold Ratio),这一指标表示用一枚比特币可以购买多少盎司黄金。

黄金稳坐避险王座,比特币仍在「青春期」挣扎

分析师认为,虽然当前的宏观经济形势不稳定,但黄金的价格相对稳定。基于上一个周期的经验(下跌 36% ),如果当前的比特币兑黄金比率从历史最高点下跌的总幅度达到 36% (目前已经下跌 30% ,再下跌 6% ),那么这可能预示着比特币在本轮宏观周期中可能已经接近或即将触及一个阶段性的底部(local bottom),这可能就是一个买入信号。

总的来说,尽管近期比特币的表现相较黄金略显稚嫩,尚未完全取代黄金成为最终的避风港,但这更像是「青春期的黄金」所经历的成长阶段。黄金凭借其漫长而可靠的历史,在动荡时期依然占据优势,这是时间沉淀的价值。然而,比特币的发展之路远未结束,还需给 TA 一些时间。

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