俄罗斯尝试新“解药”,加密货币真能破解西方制裁?

金十数据Published on 2025-01-07Last updated on 2025-01-07

俄罗斯政府历来是比特币的反对者,禁止将其用于国内支付,但最近也开始看到加密货币在逃避美国和西方制裁方面的潜在好处。

俄罗斯财政部长安东·西卢安诺夫(Anton Siluanov)上周三在俄罗斯电视台上讨论了比特币和其他数字资产是否可以用来逃避美国对外国交易的制裁。

他说,这些方法“需要开发和扩展”,他预计“明年”将会推出。

这些言论将为华盛顿的许多人提供更多的素材,他们认为加密货币对美国国家安全和执法部门阻止洗钱和其他非法活动的能力构成威胁。

然而,专家们表示,俄罗斯尝试采用加密货币进行跨境支付,反倒进一步证明了制裁对以美元为基础的传统货币体系的有效性,并且它也无法通过大规模使用比特币来绕过美国主导的国际金融体系。

货币经济学家John Paul Koning上周三在X上写道,“对俄罗斯银行的制裁正在生效的一个好兆头是,俄罗斯被迫采用一系列劣质支付方式,如使用比特币、黄金和流动性较低的货币,以及以物易物。”

以对加密行业不友好而闻名的拜登政府官员多次承认,大规模使用数字资产进行非法跨境支付并不是一个主要问题。

财政部金融犯罪执法网络(FinCEN)的Alessio Evangelista在2022年的一次讲话中表示,美国政府“承认,像俄罗斯这样的国家行为者使用加密货币大规模逃避制裁是不切实际的”,并补充说,“没有一个开关一按就能用加密货币来运行G20经济。”

特朗普政府预计将更加支持加密货币,而即将上任的官员对比特币或其他数字资产会否被用于有效地削弱美国实力表示怀疑。

硅谷企业家大卫·萨克斯(David Sacks)将担任特朗普政府的“加密沙皇”,他对制裁的效果持怀疑态度。

他在3月份表示,对俄罗斯的金融制裁“正在起作用”的想法是一种错觉,并补充说,制裁的真正受害者是普通民众,比如欧洲那些因贸易禁运而为能源支付更高费用的人。

近几个月来,以普京为首的俄罗斯领导层开始改变其反加密货币的立场,转而将加密货币挖矿及其在国际支付中的使用合法化。

据路透社报道,普京本月早些时候表示,对于像俄罗斯这样面临美国及其盟友严厉金融制裁的国家来说,比特币是美元的替代品。

“如果美元可以如此轻而易举地流失,为什么还要积累美元储备呢?”普京质疑道。“而比如比特币,谁能禁止呢?没有人,”普京说。

然而,专家们仍然怀疑加密货币的规模或流动性是否足以对美元的主导地位构成真正的威胁。

虽然比特币的总市值在过去一年中翻了一番多,达到近1.9万亿美元,但与全球流通的由政府信誉支持的货币的价值相比,这微不足道。

“俄罗斯将加密货币纳入其金融体系的举动,可能会提高其绕过美国主导的金融体系并参与非美元计价贸易的能力,”区块链情报公司Chainalysis的分析师在9月份写道。

“然而,鉴于俄罗斯的外汇储备总额略低于5万亿美元,其中约有3000亿美元的美元、欧元和英镑仍处于冻结状态,因此大规模规避连锁制裁的可能性仍然很小,”他们补充道。“当前的加密市场根本没有流动性来容纳如此大规模的交易。”

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