如何客观评价以太坊的Layer2战略?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-09-02Last updated on 2024-09-02

Abstract

所有的矛盾点都到了 Layer 2 亟待增长的用户和生态规模上。

原文作者:Haotian

最近, FUD 以太坊和 @VitalikButerin 的声音又愈发浓烈了。尤其是围绕 Blobs 空间使用率和 Layer 2 收益等内容,海外 KOL 有非常精彩的讨论。撇开二级市场行情的情绪裹挟,单纯透过数据来看以太坊 layer 2 战略该如何评价呢?接下来,表达下我的看法:

把时间退回以太坊坎昆升级前,大家对 RaaS 和 DA War 都充满热情,因为一键发链下的 layer 2 雨后春笋般涌现,会直接带动 layer 2 Batch 交易对以太坊主网 DA 能力的需求,继而掀起 Blobs 空间争夺价格战,然后大量 ETH 在 layer 2 War 中被销毁,以太坊从通胀转为通缩,带动以太坊价格上涨,皆大欢喜。

然而事实是,Rollup as a Service 的宏大战略叙事在坎昆升级后就熄火了,一键发链的基础 infra 能力具备了,但却没预期那么多开发者发链竞争。

1)Blobs 的空间利用率还不够饱和,据统计也就 80% 的利用率,layer 2 可以优化 blob 使用率,主动选择是否在当前区块占用 blob,比如,监测当前区块 Blob 利用情况,如果利用率过高,就直接跳转到下一个区块。这直接使得 blob 的费率市场没办法 FOMO 起来。

2)Blobs 的使用费率及 Layer 2 项目方的 DA 成本目前只占其总收入的 0.3% ,据不完全统计 layer 2 项目的一天的收入约在 50 万美元,而 Blobs 空间使用费率成本只占 0.3% ,远远未到使用率饱和的程度。尽管 layer 2 项目有其他 Sequencer 服务器,Prover 验证协作等其他软硬件成本,但看得到的 DA 成本并不高。

这一方面说明坎昆升级后,以太坊在降费率这件事上做的很成功,但另一方面,则说明以太坊 layer 2 现在的用户量、交易量等现状根本无法给 layer 1 输送价值,何况乐观下的“通缩预期呢?

在我看来,短期透过数据分析,以太坊 Rollup-centric 的战略还算成功,毕竟 DA 成本下滑了,layer 2 项目方可以负担很小的做大链的生态,且用户使用 layer 2 的 Gas 费也降到了无感知区间(0.001-0.01 美元)。

一大部分用户会以 layer 2 作为高频交易链。能让 layer 2 顶在以太坊前面,成为费率低、体验好、TPS 大的首选,不就是以太坊 Rollup 战略的第一步目标吗?因此,短期看,以太坊 layer 2 战略毋庸置疑都是成功的。

长期来看,当 layer 2 上的交易量指数级放大,Blobs 的空间使用率高度饱和,会发生哪些变化呢?

DA 费率成本会增加,尽管从现在的 0.3% 往上涨空间也有限,但如 DA 成本占比超过 50% 以上后,一大部分 layer 2 项目就会主动退出以太坊 Blobs 空间抢夺战,像 Celestia 等第三方 DA 供应方的需求热度才会放大。而且一部分 layer 2 项目会直接转型做 layer 3 ,甚至 Validium 等,会让以太坊 Rollup 生态变得更加多元丰富;

问题来了,原来以太坊 layer 2 上堆叠的叙事和热度不能持续,就因为以太坊坎昆升级过于成功了? 嗯,没错。

Blobs 空间使用率不饱和,Blobs 费率动态市场不被激活,所有的矛盾点都到了 layer 2 亟待增长的用户和生态规模上了,而要命的是,现在头部的 layer 2 日活和收益对于一个项目而言并不算太差。

所以,你明白以太坊 layer 2 的困局在哪里了吗?

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