观点 | 见证“比特币的下一阶段”,比特币扩容的三种方式及现状

marsbitPublished on 2024-08-23Last updated on 2024-08-24

这是四部分系列文章的第一部分,旨在探讨扩展比特币生态系统的当前解决方案。

我们现在正在见证“比特币的下一阶段”。不可否认,比特币是加密货币中最大的资产,并已得到许多机构和加密货币生态系统的认可。它的价值达到 1.3 万亿美元,占整个加密货币市场的 40%。尤其是 2024 年,对于比特币来说是一个重要的一年,其中的一些成就包括

  1. ATH 达到 70,000 美元(尽管截至 8 月 5 日已跌至 5,400 美元)。
  2. 第一个加密货币 ETF,目前其资产管理规模为 500 亿美元。
  3. 比特币减半是大约每四年发生一次的事件,将挖出新区块的奖励减少 50%,从而降低新比特币的产生速度并增加稀缺性。它发生在 2024 年 4 月 20 日,将区块奖励从 6.25 BTC 减少到 3.125 BTC。

虽然这些都是重要事件,但这些事件与价格和市场有关,而不是比特币效用的可持续驱动力。那么,什么会推动比特币的效用,并扩大比特币生态系统呢?比特币不仅仅是一种价值存储手段,还有三种方式来发展生态系统。首先是扩大比特币的资产类别,这涉及将 BTC 包装到其他生态系统或在比特币内拥有新的代币发行协议。其次是增加执行力,重点是在比特币之上添加智能合约功能。第三是为利用比特币基础设施的其他服务提供安全性。然而,这还远未投入生产,但鉴于几个月来取得了巨大进展,让我们来看看这些方法。

1. 背景-扩展比特币的资产、执行、安全性

1.1 扩大资产

观点 | 见证“比特币的下一阶段”,比特币扩容的三种方式及现状在整个加密货币市场中,比特币拥有最有价值的资产。其资产类别不仅限于其原生 BTC。除了将其 BTC 包装并发送到其他区块链以供使用外,它还包括比特币刻印资产,如 Ordinals 和 Rune 协议。目前,包装比特币的市值约为 100 亿美元,其中 wBTC 占据了大部分市场份额。

1.2 添加执行

观点 | 见证“比特币的下一阶段”,比特币扩容的三种方式及现状Source: X (@HouseofChimera)过去,闪电网络等项目通过支付渠道网络实现了即时小额支付。然而,由于去中心化和性能方面的限制,最近的第 2 层项目旨在通过构建 L2 来部署基于智能合约的 dApp,从而增强比特币的可编程性。比特币第 2 层解决方案处理主比特币链外的交易,然后将其发送回基础层进行最终结算。

1.3 利用比特币安全

尽管比特币本身并不支持质押,但比特币社区已经设计出方法来规避这一限制并促进比特币质押。这些解决方案通常涉及利用比特币的安全网络并将其与其他支持质押的区块链集成。通过这样做,比特币持有者可以参与质押活动,从而获得奖励。比特币质押是一个双向市场。一方面,PoS 链需要额外的安全性,并愿意为能够提供安全性的人提供收益。另一方面,比特币持有者拥有必要的资本,并愿意从他们的投资中获得回报。这种关系对双方都有利:PoS 链获得了维护网络完整性所需的安全性,而比特币持有者则获得了稳定的资产收益。尽管这些项目尚处于早期阶段,但像 Babylon 这样的项目已经筹集了大量资金,总额达到 9600 万美元。

2. 要点

2.1 需要更好的技术和基础设施

让我们更详细地研究这三种方法:

  1. 比特币相关资产目前由社区驱动:比特币中大多数铭刻资产都是 memecoin,没有创收方法或升值策略。例如,ORDI 没有传统的创收机制。其价值由市场投机和对 Ordinals 协议和 BRC-20 代币的广泛兴趣驱动。使用 Ordinals 带来的交易费增加使比特币矿工受益,但这并不是 ORDI 的直接收入来源。但是,随着执行环境的增加,可能会有更多的实用性。
  2. 比特币执行层处于测试状态,入门体验需要改进:比特币 L2 中的证明系统和交易处理仍处于早期阶段,每个项目都采用不同的方法。需要更多的开发和研究。对于用户体验,由于用户需要浏览新界面,管理不同的钱包,并了解在网络之间转移资产的过程,因此拥有允许来自其他生态系统的用户轻松入门的工具以及让 BTC 持有者使用 L2 中的 dapp 非常重要。
  3. 利用安全性带来收益潜力:利用比特币安全性的项目领域正在扩大,出现了 Babylon 和 BounceBit 等解决方案。Babylon 专注于增强 PoS 区块链的安全性,让它们无需复杂的桥接流程即可从比特币的经济安全性中受益。这些项目可以让 BTC 持有者获得更高的收益。随着 Babylon 和 BounceBit 等项目的上线,收益机会将变得多样化且具有吸引力。

3.总结

纵观旨在扩大比特币规模的三种主要方法,大多数方法都处于非常早期的阶段,但不可否认的是,比特币生态系统将在不久的将来蓬勃发展,因为它们是最具代表性的加密资产。然而,目前的方法在技术和采用方面并不理想。需要更多具有更好安全性和更好用户入门体验的生产级基础设施。

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