比特币挖矿接近量子计算革命

币界网Published on 2024-08-23Last updated on 2024-08-23

币界网报道:

由于量子计算的兴起,比特币挖矿可能面临迄今为止最大的变革。想象一下:在未来,量子计算机可以以使今天的机器看起来像现代超级计算机旁边的打字机的速度解决问题。

令人兴奋,对吧?但等等。目前,量子技术还没有准备好接管比特币挖矿,甚至还没有接近。这些电脑仍然像婴儿一样学习走路,我们离它们全速运转还有几年的时间。

当前的量子计算能力

让我们把事实弄清楚。目前的量子计算机大约有100个量子比特。相比之下,传统的比特币矿工使用的硬件远远超过了这一点。为了对比特币的挖矿过程构成任何严重威胁,量子计算机需要数百万个量子位。

即使我们采取最好的情况,像IBM和谷歌这样的公司加大努力,这仍然需要一段时间。因此,就目前而言,传统矿工可以放心了。

理论估计表明,你需要一台拥有大约10000个量子比特的量子计算机才能对比特币的安全构成严重威胁。到目前为止,我们离这个目标还很远。

根据美国网络安全与基础设施安全局(CISA)的说法,具有这种能力的量子计算机确实会改变游戏规则。但目前还没有这样的技术,而且可能还需要6到10年的时间。

这不仅仅是一厢情愿的想法,这是该领域专家的共识。在此之前,比特币挖矿不会动摇。

比特币的量子威胁

量子计算机的最大恐慌是它们有可能打破保护比特币交易的密码学。比特币依赖于SHA-256,这是一种非常可靠的加密算法,至少在经典计算机上是这样。

但是量子计算机呢?他们可能有办法。使用Grover的算法,量子计算机可能会将破解这种加密所需的时间减半。

但即使使用Grover的算法,也需要天文数字的操作——想想2^{128}$$的操作——才能破坏比特币的安全性。

目前,由于其存储方式,约25%的比特币被认为容易受到量子攻击。这听起来很糟糕,但这不是末日。矿工和开发人员有时间——真的有很多时间——去适应。

技术会变得更好,但比特币的防御也会变得更好。

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