比特币有了智能合约,就没以太坊、Solana 什么事了?

marsbitPublished on 2024-08-19Last updated on 2024-08-20

过去一年里,比特币生态发展迅速,不少人听说比特币生态也有了「智能合约」以后顿感眼前一亮:「共识天下无敌、网络更强壮的比特币如果有了智能合约,那岂不是没有以太坊、Solana 这些公链什么事了?」,这一观点颇为广泛,获得许多新手甚至一些财经 KOL 的支持,但事实真的如此吗?

比特币至上

「世界上只有两种币,一种是比特币,另一种是山寨币」,比特币至上者始终保持这种观点多年不变。一方面比特币至上者对自己的观点感到满意,另一方面反对者嗤之以鼻,常常以此作为讽刺。

其实之所以会有这样的固执观点,源自比特币自诞生之后始终没有让人失望,熊走牛来,一轮一轮周期比特币都王者归来,似乎成为一种反复验证过的事实,令人不得不折服,产生了一种比特币的方向永远是对的坚定信念。

既然如此,那么强如比特币如果自带智能合约,就可以直接部署 DAPP,为什么还需要以太坊?更没有 Solana 什么事!这个逻辑似乎完全说得通。

有人反对说,以太坊、Solana 代表着一代又一代的技术创新,应该拥抱创新。但比特币最大者却有足够的理由反驳:「创新也是有代价的,容易失败」。

不是比特币对了,而是它的方向对

大部分比特币最大者对创新项目以太坊、Solana 排斥的观点看起来没有什么错,但似乎漏了一个很重要的点,那就是当年的比特币相对于传统金融项目、甚至一些更早期就推出类似的电子货币项目来说,也一样是一种创新,大部分比特币最大者之所以能够从比特币中获得甜头,难道不是因为当年拥抱了这个创新吗?

当年明明可以拥抱的创新,为何现在却变得保守不愿意拥抱创新了呢?或许是有了一种见好就收的心理,这么多年来 HODL 不易,摸爬滚打好不容易熬到现在,不想被一些高风险的创新一波带走。毕竟见过了太多一夜崩塌的明星项目,也就变得谨慎起来。

前面也说了,比特币并不是那个时代唯一一个电子货币创新,当时很多机构、组织,甚至一些非法组织都提出过类似的概念,甚至其中还有中本聪设计比特币时的借鉴对象,至今也有项目方会这样说:「比特币能做的,我都能做,比特币不能做的我也能做」,事实上然并卵。

那么有没有人想过为什么唯独简单的比特币从这些项目中跑出来并可持续发展呢?同样这个问题套用到以太坊、Solana 上来,也一样有用,凭什么这些创新项目能跑出来并具有可持续性呢?

比特币之所以能获得广泛认可,主要源自它的核心理念和方向本身抓住了重点和时代的刚需,利用激励机制让人类开放式地参与大规模协作,带来了一个自下而上的分散、自由、公平、透明的价值储存平台。这也是加密项目的初心所在。

现在那么多项目中,并不是所有都保持着 Crypto 的初心,有些纯粹为 VC 和投资者 FOMO 心理包装定制的创新概念,他们会 PUA,表示牺牲一点去中心化可以换来高效率换取更大的价值,毕竟赚钱才是硬道理,切中了很多人的内心。

现在的现象是听说公链蛋糕大、估值高,于是一群人就扎堆去做公链,因为这样可以拉到更高额的投资、更有想象力、可以让用户掏更多钱出来。所以不要问为什么明明是价值项目,但就是起不来呢?根本原因在于方向错了,因为以盈利为目的的项目,大多数营收对象最终就是用户,羊毛只能出在羊身上。

Crypto 之所以存在,不是因为高性能和效率或其它可替代的性能,而是其带来的去中心化、自由、公平和透明、真正有 Web3 需求、有落地价值的应用。更应该关注那些 Web2 解决不了的问题的应用和背后带来的真正刚需的价值。

正如此前文章《史上最难赚钱的比特币牛市,就要结束了?》中提到的那样:任何行业,但凡不是追求行业正确价值观而来,不认可行业价值,本着「割韭菜」心理进入的人,注定是干不好这份事业的,即便一开始尝到了甜头也很快会被市场反噬掉。很多人都忘记了比特币、加密行业的初心是什么,而扭曲的价值观最后的结果可能就是严重的判断失误。

就这么一个最简单的方法,你实际上已经可以分辨出市面上 90% 的「无良」项目。

比特币生态发展,以太坊、Solana 们依然可以活得好

1)多元需求

在没有以太坊、Solana 之前,比特币并不孤独,还有大量早期山寨币的活跃陪伴在左右,这是市场多元化的需求决定的。当然每个项目有自己存在的价值,我们至少可以把这些项目分成三类:

数字黄金

能称之为数字黄金的项目有且只有一个,比特币。全球大环境下,数字黄金的刚需程度早已无需多言。

耐用品

以太坊以及一些可持续发展的 DeFi 等 Web3 基础设施和应用,解决了 Web2 无法解决的问题,当 EVM 成为市面上大部分智能合约公链的标配时,以太坊已经成为了 Web3 不可或缺的一部分,这类项目有长期存在价值,就是耐用品。

快消品

Meme 让情绪价值可以存储,但是很多情绪、包括一些新概念,来的快去得也快,就好像一张纸,有一定生命周期,不指望它反复使用,也不能指望它长期提供价值。

前两者可作为中长期标的,而后者只能一次性,否则很容易套住出不来。

2)技术创新

比特币生态并不是第一次被提出要引入智能合约,早在比特币早期就有过很多尝试(染色币等),而且一直在探索持续到今天。

早期技术瓶颈很多,那时比特币在不放弃原有技术路线直接引入强大的智能合约几乎是不可能的事情,毕竟如果代码和路线大幅度「朝令夕改」,开发者早就作鸟兽散了,不可能有今天强大的共识。

原本 V 神在比特币社区种提出引入智能合约的构想,但因遭到比特币核心反对,V 神才决定另起炉灶,后来才有了以太坊。

近年来比特币保持稳健的技术路线,而以太坊则带来了诸多创新,智能合约、POS、EIP1559 等等,尤其是 Rollup Layer2 更是解决了拓展性问题….

现在的比特币生态,除了闪电网络和 Stacks 有一些创新,大部分直接挪用了以太坊的 Rollup 的技术方案,有人想过这真的适用吗?

以 ZK-Rollup 为例,原本它是为以太坊这样的智能合约平台设计的 Layer2 方案,Zk-Rollup 通过链下计算出零知识证明后,提交到以太坊链上去直接验证和结算,而比特币本身是不能直接验证零知识证明的,有些项目方就想办法给中间又加上了一层中间件,比如预言机,以此来强行跑通这个流程,然而这种行为无异于把牛角用胶带粘到马头身上,强行变身成「独角兽」。

比特币本身并不会支持智能合约

比特币智能合约目前只是相关生态项目的口号,这里的智能合约都是通过生态项目来实现的,比特币本身并不支持智能合约,未来也大概率不会升级支持,因为「鱼与熊掌不可兼得」,要做纯粹的数字黄金,就不能有智能合约。

首先UTXO数据结构本身不能实现像以太坊账户模型一样复杂的状态;其次,作为智能合约平台,生态发展的同时还不断降低通胀导致作为手续费的 BTC 越来越贵,以至于成本高了,就会抑制生态的发展。

正如前文所说,比特币智能合约说的是比特币生态项目智能合约,但通过分层实现的智能合约项目,安全性、可靠性甚至拓展性并不如以太坊生态,而以太坊生态一直作为比特币最大的「出口」目的地,WBTC、tBTC 以及 Coinbase 的 cbBTC 正在以不同的形式进入以太坊生态参与 DeFi,如果从分层的角度看,以太坊已经是比特币最大、采用最广泛的侧链了。事实上以太坊生态的创新包括拓展性、互操作性、账户抽象等早就走在行业最前列,一众「抄作业」的比特币生态项目也只能在后面跟着走。

小结

比特币生态、以太坊生态、Solana 生态以及未来越来越多的创新,只要保持 Crypto 初心,围绕着 Web3 的价值观创造真实的价值,就都有它存在的合理性。你走阳光道,我走独木桥,大家都有美好的未来。

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363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

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