解读比特币生态超额抵押稳定币协议 Satoshi Protocol

币界网Published on 2024-07-19Last updated on 2024-07-19

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撰文:Tia,Techub News

 

MakerDAO 是以太坊 DeFi 生态发展起来的重要基石之一,通过将手中的以太坊抵押至 MakerDAO,用户可以在无需出售资产的同时获取一定的流动性。比特币是 crypto 中价值最高的资产,但由于其图灵不完备,一直无法很好的盘活比特币资产。不过,随着比特币生态的发展以及各种比特币 Layer2 的遍地开花,似乎为比特币的金融化带来了一丝可能性。

 

Satoshi Protocol 是基于比特币 Layer2 BEVM 构建的超额抵押稳定币协议。其于 7 月 9 日发布公告称完成 200 万美元融资,由 CMS Holdings 、 RockTree Capital 领投。目前,其锁仓量为 1047886 美元。虽说规模不大,但就比特币超额抵押稳定币的叙事而言,还是存在一定潜力。

 

 

如何铸造稳定币?又如何保持「稳定」?

 

Satoshi Protocol 发行的与美元挂钩的稳定币为 SAT,用户存入抵押品以借入 SAT 稳定币,最低抵押品率为 110%。目前支持的抵押品包括比特币 Layer2 Bitlayer 和 BEVM 上的比特币,以及 Lorenzo stBTC(Lorenzo 是基于 Babylon 的比特币流动性金融层,Lorenzo stBTC 是质押比特币产生的流动性质押代币)。

 

当用户通过抵押借款来铸造 SAT 时,Satoshi 协议会征收铸造费和固定年利息费。同时还需多存入 2 SAT 作为预留,用作清算时的 Gas 费用。当然,如果该头寸未被清算,则在关闭头寸时会将该笔费用返还给用户。

 

其中,铸币费一次性支付,费率为基准利率 + 0.5%。基准利率则由赎回的 SAT 数量占稳定币总供应量的比例决定,该利率是动态的,但最低不低于 0.5%,最高不高于 5%。

 

稳定机制:Nexus 收益模块

Nexus 收益模块 (NYM) 旨在管理和优化生态系统内稳定币资产的使用。NYM 允许用户将 USDT 和 USDC 等稳定币兑换为 Satoshi 协议的稳定币 SAT。该模块在收到用户的稳定币后(USDT、USDC),会铸造等量的 SAT 并发给用户。当 SAT 出现价差时,外部用户可通过该模块进行套利,从而帮助维持 SAT 与美元的挂钩。

 

同时,Nexus 收益模块还会通过参加 DeFi 挖矿,或利用 CeFi 平台进行融资利率套利和市场中性交易来获取额外收入。用户亦可将 SAT 存入该模块获取收益分配。在存入 SAT 后,用户会收到一份代表其质押资产的证书 sSAT,用于领取 NYM 收益活动产生的奖励。

 

风控

 

风控主要还是依靠清算机制,即当抵押物低于超额抵押的最低比率时自动发起清算并偿还清算头寸的债务。当然 Satoshi Protocol 的清算机制也有一些更加细化的部分,比如为了隔离风险而对不同资产实施不同的清算参数标准。 Satoshi Protocol 会根据不同资产类型实施定制化的借款利率、贷款价值比 (LTV) 和其他风险参数,确保协议保持安全并适应不同的市场条件。通过区分这些参数,协议可以更好地管理与波动性资产相关的风险,并为用户提供更稳定、更安全的环境。并且,协议还会持续监控每种资产类型的表现和波动性。如果市场条件发生变化,则可以相应调整每种资产的参数。

 

Satoshi Protocol 的在清算机制上也有所不同。在 crypto 中,比较常见的清算机制为拍卖。在价格剧烈波动时,低效的拍卖模式会导致清算延迟从而加剧损失。但 Satoshi Protocol 更开放的清算机制则可以很好地规避这一点。在 Satoshi Protocol,用户参与清算是无需许可的,当抵押品比率低于最低标准时,任何用户都可自行触发清算流程,这使得清算更具有即时性。并且,为了激励清算行为,Satoshi Protocol 还会为清算人提供激励措施,清算人可获得一定比例的抵押品奖励以及 Gas 补偿。

 

稳定池

另外,Satoshi Protocol 专门创建了一个名为稳定池(SP)的资产池用于清算。用户可以将手头的 SAT 存入该池,以赚取清算事件的奖励以及 Satoshi Protocol 协议代币 OSHI 的奖励。当触发清算时,稳定池可以使用 SAT 来清偿债务。作为回报,稳定池可从清算头寸中获得抵押品。从清算中获取的收益将也会分配给向稳定池注入 SAT 的用户。Satoshi Protocol 还配有闪电贷模块以支持清算,确保即使在稳定池资金不足的情况下,协议也能迅速处理清算。

 

恢复模式

Satoshi Protocol 还配备了恢复模式。当总抵押率 (TCR) 低于 150% 时,该模式则会被触发。在恢复模式下,将采取特定措施防止 TCR 进一步下降,这些措施包括清算抵押率低于 150% 的头寸、限制可能进一步损害 TCR 的借贷活动,以及免除借贷费用以改善 TCR 的借贷。

 

代币经济

Satoshi Protocol 协议的原生代币为 OSHI,总供应量上限为 100,000,000 枚。其中,投资者占 15%,顾问占 2%,团队占 15%,生态激励占 45%,公开销售比例为 2%,剩余 21% 则作为储备。

 

生态激励部分将用于头寸创建激励、稳定币池(SP)激励以及向流动性池提供流动性激励。总供应量的 20% 分配给头寸创建激励,10% 分配给稳定币池(SP)激励,15% 分配给流动性池提供流动性激励。

 

同时,协议还为持有者配备了解锁时间。投资者在公开发行(TGE)后的 3 个月可解锁 10%,剩余 90% 需要在 TGE 后再等 6 个月的悬崖期,然后在 24 个月内线性解锁。顾问则需在TGE 后等 12 个月的悬崖期,然后在 24 个月内线性解锁。团队也是在TGE 后等 12 个月的悬崖期,然后在 24 个月内线性解锁。储备和生态激励部分在 60 个月内线性解锁。

 

sOSHI

质押 OSHI 可获得 sOSHI,质押锁定期越长,获得的 sOSHI 的转换率越高。sOSHI 持有者有权分享协议的全部收益。

 

以上则为对 Satoshi Protocol 的所有介绍。Satoshi Protocol 从一些细节部分有对超额抵押稳定币进行了一些改善,增加了其抗风险能力,但综合来看,机制与传统的 CDP 还是较为相似。

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