中本聪、机构和巨鲸:谁持有最多比特币?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-06-04Last updated on 2024-06-04

Abstract

比特币持币排行榜。

原文作者:EarnBIT

原文编译:白话区块链

凭借着近五亿个钱包地址,比特币已经成为一个彻底改变世界游戏规则且注定长久的存在。

作为加密货币领域的王者,比特币自 2009 年低调地开始交易之后,已经走过了一段漫长而充满挑战的旅程,每天都有数十万笔交易在进行,但你知道,有哪些比特币大户吗?

谁是比特币的顶级持有者?

最大的比特币持有者是企业实体,包括一些机构和加密 CEX。CEX 在冷钱包中存储着大量用户的加密资产。由于加密交易的特性,这些地址是不断变动的。

全球估计有 1.06 亿比特币持有者,虽然已经有 4.6 亿个地址用于交易,但其中 2.88 亿个地址没有持有任何比特币。

如何识别比特币持有者?

由于钱包之间的资金流动,大额比特币持有者名单是不断发生变化的。截至 2024 年 5 月 15 日,根据区块链浏览器的数据显示,前十个地址持有的比特币数量从 69370 BTC 到 248597 BTC 不等。

比特币白皮书建议每次交易都创建一个新地址。但由于加密交易的特性,它们在一定程度上是半匿名的:如果一个人公开分享他们的钱包地址,就可以轻易追溯到他们的所有交易。

区块链分析还揭示了钱包和现实身份之间的相互联系。调查人员、监管机构和合规团队使用链上工具来检测和预防犯罪行为。

Bitcoin.org 曾表示:「比特币的设计目的是让用户以可接受的隐私方式进行结算付款,就像任何其他形式的货币一样。然而,比特币并不是匿名的,所以无法提供与现金相同水平的隐私。」

中本聪的比特币钱包

比特币的匿名创造者中本聪的身份至今仍然是个谜,但他持有 100 万个比特币。由于中本聪在 2009 年 1 月 3 日挖掘了创世区块,他的一个地址很容易找到: 1 A 1 zP 1 eP 5 QGefi 2D MPTfTL 5 SLmv 7 DivfNa。

该钱包目前大约持有 99.84 个比特币,没有出账交易的记录。然而,中本聪可能还拥有数百甚至数千个其他独立的地址。这些休眠的资金增加了他的神秘色彩。

2024 年的比特币头部持有者及其钱包地址

以下是根据公开数据和区块链情报确定的十个最大的个人钱包及其所有者。

1)BN(冷钱包 1)- 248597.48 BTC

毫不意外,全球最大的加密 CEX 管理着最大的钱包,持有超过所有流通比特币的 1.2% 。资金流出非常少——最近一次资金流出发生在 2023 年 1 月,涉及 2000 BTC。

比特币地址:34xp4vRoCGJym3xR7yCVPFHoCNxv4Twseo

中本聪、机构和巨鲸:谁持有最多比特币?

截至 2024 年 5 月 16 日,BN 的冷钱包统计数据。来源:BitInfoCharts

2)Bitfinex - 180010.07 BTC

Bitfinex 是一家成立于 2012 年的老牌 CEX。虽然其曾经遭受过几次重大安全漏洞,历史记录并非完美,但截至 2024 年 5 月 15 日,它的交易量排名第 10 。最近的一笔资金流出交易发生在 2024 年 4 月,金额为 4000 BTC。

比特币地址:b1qgdjqv0av3q56jvd82tkdjpy7gdp9ut8tlqmgrpmv24sq90ecnvqqjwww97

3)Robinhood - 136295.81 BTC

Robinhood 是一家总部位于美国的零佣金交易平台,提供股票、ETF、加密货币和期权的交易。它通过用户友好的工具和存款优惠吸引新手,但也因提倡高风险活动而受到批评。

根据 BitInfoCharts 的数据,自 2023 年 5 月成立以来,该钱包的余额没有出现任何重大的资金流出。截至目前,Robinhood 尚未确认对该钱包的所有权,但 Arkham Intelligence(一个区块链分析平台)已将其与该钱包联系起来。

比特币地址:bc1ql49ydapnjafl5t2cp9zqpjwe6pdgmxy98859v2

4)FBI(Bitfinex 资金)- 94643.30 BTC

该钱包中的资金是一对黑客夫妇在 2016 年从 Bitfinex 窃取的。美国当局已经追回了其中的一部分资金(120000 BTC)。

由 FBI、IRS-CI 和 HSI 共同进行的调查,根据礼品卡购买记录确定了犯罪嫌疑人。该钱包由美国联邦当局控制,于 2022 年 2 月创建,在最初存款后,只有少量的资金流入交易。

中本聪、机构和巨鲸:谁持有最多比特币?

被盗的 Bitfinex 资金在经过 23 次转移后被整合到一个单一的钱包中。来源:Bitcoin.com

比特币地址:bc1qazcm763858nkj2dj986etajv6wquslv8uxwczt

5)BN(冷钱包 2)- 82833.46 BTC

相对来说,BN 的第二大钱包比较频繁地发生资金外流。最近一次资金流出是在 2024 年 4 月,有超过 7910 BTC 流出。

比特币地址:3M219KR5vEneNb47ewrPfWyb5jQ2DjxRP6

6)匿名的 Mt. Gox 黑客 - 79957.26 BTC

在 2011 年,约有 80000 BTC 被从日本的 Mt. Gox 盗取。三年后,这家 CEX 在曝光了盗窃、欺诈和资金管理不善的事实后停止运营,之前处理了超过 70% 的比特币买卖交易。

该钱包的历史记录显示,来自前 Bitfinex CEO 的未经授权的资金转入。自 2011 年以来,没有发生过资金转出,只有一些少量存款。

比特币地址:1FeexV6bAHb8ybZjqQMjJrcCrHGW9sb6uF

中本聪、机构和巨鲸:谁持有最多比特币?

追溯到到黑客地址的交易分布。来源:Bitcoin.com

7)匿名持有者 - 78317.03 BTC

该地址于 2024 年 3 月 23 日激活,并没有发生任何资金流出交易。自初始存款以来的活动非常有限,持有者仍然未知。

比特币地址:bc1q8yj0herd4r4yxszw3nkfvt53433thk0f5qst4g

8)Tether(冷钱包)- 75354.08 BTC

Arkham Intelligence 证实,这家领先的稳定币发行商从 Bitfinex 的热钱包中收到了数千个比特币。泰达币的钱包于 2022 年 9 月开始运作,在 50 次交易中仅发送了 0.0576 BTC。

比特币地址:bc1qjasf9z3h7w3jspkhtgatgpyvvzgpa2wwd2lr0eh5tx44reyn2k7sfc27a4

9)BN(冷钱包 3)- 75177.38 BTC

这个与 BN 有关的第三大地址自 2024 年 3 月以来一直处于休眠状态,在这之前它收到了价值近 50 亿美元的比特币。

比特币地址:3E97AjYaCq9QYnfFMtBCYiCEsN956Rvpj2

中本聪、机构和巨鲸:谁持有最多比特币?

截至 2024 年 5 月 16 日,BN 钱包的交易历史。来源:BitInfoCharts

10)FBI(丝绸之路资金)- 69370.17 BTC

丝绸之路是 2013 年关闭的第一个现代暗网市场,用于进行毒品交易、洗钱和其他利用比特币进行非法活动。它作为某网络的地下服务,允许用户匿名操作。

该钱包中的比特币并非直接来自丝绸之路。一名黑客在 2012 年至 2013 年期间侵入了该市场并盗取了比特币。在 2020 年,他将这些比特币交还给了美国当局。

比特币地址:bc1qa5wkgaew2dkv56kfvj49j0av5nml45x9ek9hz6

排名前五的机构比特币持有者

1)MicroStrategy Incorporated-214400 BTC

这家商业智能提供商由加密货币倡导者 Michael Saylor 领导,在持有 BTC 的企业中排第一。根据其 2024 年第一季度的财务报告,在四月进行最新收购后,其比特币持有量达到 214400 个。

按照当前的价格计算,这些持有的比特币价值约为 135 亿美元,并且据报道,该公司从比特币中获得了大约 60 亿美元的纸面利润。作为一名曾经的互联网企业家,Saylor 曾一天损失 60 亿美元,但随后在比特币的上涨中赚取了数十亿美元,使得公司股价飙升。

中本聪、机构和巨鲸:谁持有最多比特币?

截至 2024 年 5 月 6 日的企业和国家比特币持有量排名。来源:Independent

凭借超过所有已存在比特币的 1% ,MicroStrategy 拥有的加密货币超过任何单个国家。其持有量超过 Marathon Digital Holdings 的十倍以上。

MicroStrategy 的股票被广泛视为传统投资者对比特币的代理。年初至今涨幅达到 138.03% ,这支持了其被纳入 MSCI 全球指数的决定,计划于 5 月 31 日生效。

2)Marathon Digital Holdings, Inc.

作为第二大上市企业持有者,这家美国采矿公司拥有超过 17631 个比特币,价值超过 15 亿美元,其中包括该公司在早些时候售出约 600 个比特币后的持有量。

与 MicroStrategy 不同,Marathon Digital 未能达到其第一季度的收入预期,由于设备故障、维护和与天气相关的障碍,挖掘的比特币减少了 34% 。这一下滑使得其股价年初至今下跌了 14.01% 。

该公司计划出售更多持有的比特币,「以支持月度运营、管理资金储备,并用于一般公司用途。」

3)特斯拉公司

埃隆·马斯克创立的汽车巨头特斯拉于 2021 年 2 月进入比特币市场,为了寻求多样化的投资渠道和最佳的利润价值,收购了价值 15 亿美元的比特币。随后一年,该公司卖掉了其中的 75% ,原因是对中国 COVID-19 封锁造成低流动性而感到担忧。

根据 Arkham 的估计,截至 2024 年 4 月,这家电动汽车制造商拥有约 11509 个比特币。第一季度的资产负债表显示,自 2022 年第四季度以来,净数字资产保持不变。比特币占据了资金的绝大部分。

尽管接受DOGE作为商品的支付方式,特斯拉拥有的这种 Memecoin 数量很少。其股票表现近期有所下滑,截至目前为止,年初至今跌幅达 29.64% 。

4)Coinbase Global, Inc.

这家总部位于美国的公司是全球最大的上市 CEX,持有超过 9100 个比特币。它在加密货币领域占据重要地位,为零售用户和机构提供服务,并托管数十万个比特币。

与 MicroStrategy 类似,Coinbase 自 2024 年初以来股价上涨。尽管 SEC 进行了监管打击,但其股价年初至今上涨了 26.44% ,得益于比特币价格的飙升。

5)Hut 8 Corp.

这家加拿大采矿公司是五大上市持有者中唯一的非美国公司,也是第二大上市采矿公司,拥有约 9100 个比特币。

根据 Benchmark 的报告,这些持有的比特币提供了「可观的流动性和在比特币价格上涨期间捕捉上涨的能力。」其价值约为 5.92 亿美元,相当于 Hut 8 市值的 82% 左右。

与 Marathon Digital 类似,该公司今年在财务上遇到了困难,截至目前,其股价下跌了 33.81% 。

小结

买入比特币并长期持有,然后等待其升值是赚钱的方式之一,然而现在不断发展各种资产和金融产品也提供了间接参与的机会,包括比特币 ETF(现货和期货)、拥有大量比特币持仓的实体的股票,以及投资于比特币或区块链相关公司的基金等。

可以看到,在机构、CEX 和服务机构的共同推动下,比特币拥有着一个复杂而广泛的用户群体,其用户画像能让我们了解到目前比特币的参与度和采用率。

比特币用户的总数并不等于地址的数量。然而,每天进行的五亿笔交易和至少有 1 美元余额的 6700 万个钱包表明了市场对比特币积极的参与和不断提高的接受度。

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