如何看待Backpack:NFT+钱包+交易所三位一体的超级应用?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-04-12Last updated on 2024-04-12

Abstract

Backpack 的超级应用范式更像在往 Web3 环境下输入一种 Web2 的成熟产品线增长模式。

原文作者:Haotian

如何看待最近被焦点讨论的 @Backpack 钱包?交易所?NFT 社区?你看,初识 BP 不少人都会有种如何定位的困惑。在我看来,它就是 NFT+ 钱包 + 合规交易所三位一体的「超级应用」,甚至也可以理解成 xNFT 协议下的 DApp 小程序 + 钱包交易所一站养成用户的「闭环生态系统」。Why?接下来,简单谈谈我的理解。

Backpack 究竟在布局什么?

Backpack 所做的事情如果不观全貌很容易被带入 Fragment 的碎片化认知里,有人钟情 Madlads 的 NFT 社区文化,有人喜欢 Backpack 钱包的丝滑交互体验,有人则看好其交易所和钱包应用链上 + 链下一体化的交易新范式。怎么说呢?这些都是 BP 比较典型的特性,和当下区块链生态完全分隔并靠可组合行连接起来的流动性市场相比,BP 做的事情总让人有种类苹果闭环生态系统的感觉。

其实,在一个完全开源的区块链协议组合市场,做闭环的事情总会显得有些特立独行,但拉长周期看,Android 和 IOS 一直以来的竞和 Battle,有输家么?基于社区属性的闭环生态系统,会有一段不同产品线各个击破的漫长大众化普及的过程。闭合的产品线背后是强大的社区凝聚力 + 领先的产品使用体验 + 强大的资源盘整能力赋能,会在某个时间点形成合力,成为别人无法超越的竞争壁垒。前有「苹果」后有「小米」,都在做这样的商业布局。

2)Backpack 当前阶段整个产品线有明显的 Solana 生态烙印,这意味着它的发展亦会和 Solana 生态重度绑定。某种程度上,Backpack 为 Solana 生态构建了一套 Native 钱包 + 交易所,以及一套 xNFT 小程序 DApp 应用市场。

短期看,Backpack 和全区块链环境下的其他产品和协议竞争优劣势明显,比如,和一般的 CEX 相比,Backpack 没法及时覆盖全区块链生态抢各种上币先发优势吸引广泛的用户群体,但无疑一些有明显 Solana 基因的项目能在 Backpack 得到发酵和成长,一些早期重度参与 Solana 生态的用户也会得到更大预期的市场回报。

Backpack 面临的挑战和难题是什么?

正因为此,Backpack 在拓展市场过程中势必会遇到一定的阻力,空投分发事件就是个典型。客观来说,碍于合规因素,Backpack 筛选优质项目向贡献交易量的用户发放 Airdrop,这是一个长期激励和增益行为,放长周期看作为 BP 的用户肯定都能有较好的收益,对用户而言,相当于在某个交易所可以赚取稳定的「高额年化」,但诚如上文所言,用户福利是平台方盘整资源得利的二次分配,单次的用户参与强度、资金投入量、关键是项目方预期释放筹码都需要平台去协调。把周期拉长综合收益还好,但是如果仅落脚到某一次刷量 + 空投回报的孤例上就很难了。甚至,一旦处理不好定会遭到舆论反噬。

为什么会这样?

本质上,Backpack 是个攒聚和整合资源的平台方,把优质项目方吸引来发放空投,再把优质用户吸引过来带动增长,这会是个长期动态持恒的 Tradeoff 过程。平台方无法保证每次运营活动都能百分百用户获得绝对收益,毕竟,散发筹码的是项目方,空投总量是恒定的,而参与空投活动的用户和资金量又不可控,僧多时粥一定少,很朴素的道理。

本质上这是一场筹码分配的激励过程,平台本着拉新、增加活跃度的目标和用户参与留存达成的一种「奖赏机制」。如何避免被反撸其实是个技术活,与其抱着短期博取超额套利回报的心态去承担损失风险,还不如拉长周期,从更长时间维度算收益率,一方面,平台靠资源溢价换取的 Airdrop 福利本就有顶级资源优势(Pyth、W 等),另一方面,毕竟 Backpack 自身的平台增长预期(发币),也是个未来某个时间点会落地的「补差」福利。

该如何定义 Backpack 的行业价值?

Backpack 我倾向于把它视为基于 @solana 高性能 layer 1 公链而衍生出来的一个「超级应用」。

在比特币、以太坊生态,大家都在不亦乐乎讲 layer 2 infra 的故事,应用的故事又碍于落地不及预期至少被延迟到下一个牛熊转换周期了。相比之下,Solana 生态差异就挺大,围绕高性能公链,玩 MeMe 引场外增量用户,谋划 DePIN 的超级叙事为将来应用落地打基础,过程中还衍生出来的一大批 DeFi、Games、NFT、Payment 等多样玩法。有种感觉,Solana 生态自始至终就带着 web2+web3 的基因在发展,因此发展「应用」是一个不会逃避的问题,也会成为 Solana 生态本轮牛市的主旋律。

而现阶段,几乎每个区块链系统都面临讲 B 端故事比 C 端应用想象空间更大的客观因素,所以当大家都玩 layer 2 等 infra 热火朝天的时候,Solana 生态长出了 NFT+ 钱包 + 合规交易所三位一体的超级应用范式,NFT 做社区文化和粘性,钱包做用户参与入口和 DApp 应用分发中心,合规交易所则做出入金和现实世界接轨的合规管道。

在整个区块链生态诟病金融 hype 属性过重的当下,Backpack 的超级应用范式更像在往 web3 环境下输入一种 web2 的成熟产品线增长模式。对加剧应用生态的落地和成熟 web2 产品力哲学的普及,会对行业成熟有一定引领意义。

以上

基于以上观察高度,再来看 BackPack 当下面临的一些问题,就不难理解了:

1)社区属性过强是优势也是人群大规模化扩展的弊端,一大部分早期未参与到社区的人包括我,会很被动被带入社区;

2)太注重合规属性是其未来做大做强的根基,但这也限制了早期产品和模式上的多元化,需要持续长时间的增长驱动;

3)「超级应用」永远是个好故事,但整个 Crypto 何时能撇开 infra,更注重应用的故事落地,这不是 Solana 一个生态面临的挑战,整个 Crypto 全链环境下的 Builder 都在为此前仆后继。

我之前常说 Solana 作为高性能 layer 1 在做引领 Crypto infra 架构进步的「超前」公链形态,看来现在要给这一判断要加个注脚了,xNFT 协议下的 DApp 小程序和 Backpack 软件一体化闭环系统也同样在「超前」引领 web2 和 web3 应用融合落地。

Note:想必不少人,关注 Backpack 源于对其「FTX 2.0 」的增长预期,都想知道一个有 FTX 基因和等同背景,同时又能吸取教训「再出发」的项目,会走出怎样的发展高度?不妨,拭目以待。

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