Vitalik香港峰会演讲观后感:以太坊正在追求密码学的极限

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-04-09Last updated on 2024-04-09

Abstract

以太坊的竞品从以太坊中找答案,而以太坊却在密码学中找到答案。这是一流公链和二流公链的真正区别。

原文作者:0x_Todd,Nothing Research 合伙人(X:@0x_Todd

相关阅读:

《Vitalik 香港Web3嘉年华演讲:追求密码学的极限》

编者按: 2024 香港 Web3 嘉年华期间,以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 在由 DRK Lab 主办的「Web3 学者峰会 2024 」上发表主旨演讲《Reaching the Limits of Protocol Design》。Nothing Research 合伙人 0x_Todd 在 X 上发文分享了她对于 Vitalik 此次演讲的理解与感悟。0x_Todd 谈到,在兼具的安全和效率的前提下,吸纳更多的密码学成果,以太坊的目标直指密码学的上限,这是一流公链和二流公链的真正区别。Odaily星球日报整理如下:

今天 Vitalik 低调亮相万向 Hasheky 香港峰会,V 神发言是真的利索,没有繁文缛节,一上来就是 $ETH 干货放送,平铺直叙。结合这次演讲,谈谈我的理解。

所有的区块链,都根植于密码学之上,可以说密码学是真正的底层。而且近些年来,密码学的理论前沿一直在发展。而以太坊 $ETH 现在的目标,就是能把密码学的理论转换为工程实践。

做过开发的朋友都知道,学术界的东西,越是前沿的,直接拿到工业界使用越有挑战,密码学也不例外。

现在以太坊最关注的密码学前沿是:

  • ZK-SNARKs

  • 2 PC、MPC、FHE

  • 聚合签名

  • 改善 P2P 网络

Vitalik香港峰会演讲观后感:以太坊正在追求密码学的极限

比如聚合签名,其实比特币已经在 Schnorr 升级做过类似升级。而以太坊倾向的 BLS 聚合签名升级和 Schnorr 各有千秋,也能做到让多个签名聚合成一个签名这件事变得非常丝滑

Vitalik香港峰会演讲观后感:以太坊正在追求密码学的极限

一个密码学上的成果,可以实际转化为:

  • 让区块链变得更加隐私(多人共签有利于保护隐私)

  • 节约 gas 费(共签占用空间更小)

  • 对设备的要求进一步降低(容易验证)

同时,V 神还提了「学术理论→技术实践」的两个要素。

Vitalik香港峰会演讲观后感:以太坊正在追求密码学的极限

首先是,效率。

比如一个很实际的问题就是,以太坊主网的区块是 12 s 间隔,但是做 ZK-SNARKs Proof 最快也要 20 分钟。

Vitalik香港峰会演讲观后感:以太坊正在追求密码学的极限

如果能够有轻量级的 ZK Proof 解决方案,每一个区块都能完全 ZK 化,那么以太坊就会非常隐私、安全和抗审查,甚至能更快。

其次是,安全。

只要是人类,就会犯错误。

谁也不能保证自己的代码里面没有 bug。

现在,Debug 靠肉眼,比如「安全委员会」。

但是将来,也许可以靠 multi-provers,在更远的将来,甚至可以靠 AI。

在兼具的安全和效率的前提下,吸纳更多的密码学成果,以太坊的目标直指密码学的上限。

听完后心潮澎拜,推动 ETH 以及其他所有区块链发展的,正是真正前沿的技术。

现在,所有排名在 ETH 后面的公链,都在拼命和以太坊做对比,都在试图从以太坊这个竞品中找到答案。

而以太坊,却在密码学中找到答案。这是一流公链和二流公链的真正区别。

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