疯狂背后的真相|数据揭秘韩国 Crypto 市场真实面貌

MarsBitPublished on 2023-10-12Last updated on 2023-10-13

Abstract

9 家虚拟资产钱包和托管公司的营业利润为 35 亿韩元(约合 261 万美元),相比 2022 年后半年 118 亿韩元的营业利润减少 71%。

本周,韩国金融服务委员会金融情报分析院发布 2023 年上半年虚拟资产企业调查报告,报告长达 20 页,以 35 家虚拟资产企业(26 家交易所和 9 家钱包和托管商)为调查对象,来呈现韩国虚拟资产市场现状。
本篇报告由韩国金融情报分析院根据 35 家虚拟资产企业提交的资料信息撰写,相对真实。Foresight News 为读者整理和归纳出十大关键要点,以供读者窥探韩国虚拟资产市场真实现状和韩国用户资产偏好等情况。 
TL;DR:

  • 上半年韩国 26 家交易所的日均总交易规模为 21.68 亿美元,环比下降 1.3%,其中,韩元市场占据绝对主导地位,非韩元市场交易量可忽略不计。
  • 26 家虚拟资产交易所的总营业利润为 1.7 亿美元,环比增加 82%。
  • 26 家交易所总从业人数有 1915 名,兼职比例占据 32.8%。
  • 韩国国内虚拟资产市值大概在 212 亿美元左右,较去年年底增加 46%。
  • XRP 对韩国用户的吸引力度非常之大,仅次于比特币。
  • 26 家交易所共有约 950 万名注册用户(包括重复计算),交易用户有 606 万名。
  • 73% 的韩国用户持有 747 美元以下虚拟资产,0.7% 的韩国用户持有 7.46 万美元以上虚拟资产。
  • 虚拟资产钱包和托管业务:上半年营业利润为 261 万美元,环比减少 71%。

 一、上半年韩国交易所日均交易规模为 21.68 亿美元,环比下降 1.3%
 2023 年上半年,26 家虚拟资产交易所的日均交易规模为 2.9 万亿韩元(约合 21.68 亿美元),同比去年下半年减少 1.3%。

韩国



其中,韩元市场的交易量占据绝对主导地位,代币市场(非韩元市场)的交易量可以忽略不计。代币市场日均交易量低于 100 万韩元(747 美元)的有 5 家交易所。 
从下图按月份统计的日均交易规模图表可以看出,今年 2 月之后,韩国交易所成交量呈持续下降趋势。

韩国


2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 6 月韩国交易所日均交易规模变化趋势(按月份统计)

二、韩国交易所总营业利润为 1.7 亿美元,环比增加 82%
 上半年,26 家虚拟资产交易所的总营业利润为 1.7 亿美元,相较 2022 年下半年的 9300 万美元增加 82%(2022 年四季度营业利润过低)。

韩国


按季度汇总的营业利润趋势(紫色代表韩元市场,绿色代表代币市场)

从上表可以看出,韩元市场的营业利润占据绝对主导地位。运行代币市场的 21 家交易所中,有 10 家交易所的代币市场交易手续费为 0,18 家处于完全资本亏损状态。
韩国交易所的手续费率在 0.01% 至 0.25% 之间,平均手续费率为 0.15%,相比 2022 年下半年下降 0.01%,其中韩元市场的平均手续费率为 0.15%。 
三、交易所韩元存款接近 30 亿美元,较去年年底增加 11%
截至 6 月底,交易所韩元存款 4 万亿韩元(接近 30 亿美元),比去年年底增加 11%。

韩国


按月份汇总的日均韩元存款规模(单位:兆韩元)

四、26 家交易所总从业人数有 1915 名,兼职比例占据 32.8%
 26 家交易所的平均员工数量为 74 名,总从业人数有 1915 名,相较去年年底减少 178 名,其中,与反洗钱(AML)有关的员工有 269 名,占比为 13.5%。此外,兼职比例占据 32.8%。

韩国


交易所从业人员状况(绿色代表截止至 2023 年 6 月的数据,紫色代表截止至 2022 年 11 月底的数据,左边图表是交易所平均员工数量和 AML 相关员工数量,右边图表为 AML 员工占比和兼职人员占比。)

五、26 家交易所共上线 622 种虚拟货币
排除重复币种后,26 家交易所共上线 622 种虚拟货币,和去年下半年相差不大。单家交易所平台上线的虚拟资产数量最多的有 236 种,上线最少的有 3 个,韩元市场平均支持的代币数量有 163 种,代币市场平均支持的数量有 28 种。
 其中,仅由韩国一家交易所上线的虚拟资产有 366 种,占比达到 59%。新上线和下架的比重数量变动均较大,具体来说,2023 年上半年韩国交易所新增上线了 169 种代币(包含重复项),环比增加 128%,下架了 115 种代币(包含重复项),环比增加 47%。下架的币种中,有 66% 仅由韩国一家交易所上线。
 下架代币主要考量的因素包括项目风险、投资者保护风险、市场风险和技术风险等。
六、韩国用户偏好哪些代币?
 韩国国内虚拟资产市值大概在 212 亿美元左右,较去年年底增加 46%。韩国金融分析院给出的韩国国内虚拟资产市值定义为:韩国交易所持有的每种虚拟资产数量乘以相关资产市场价格之和。 
韩国市值前十的虚拟资产中,有 6 种虚拟资产在全球虚拟资产市值前十排名之内,包括 BTC、XRP、ETH、DOGE、ADA 和 SOL。从下表可以看出韩国用户的资产偏好情况。值得一提的事,XRP 对韩国用户的吸引力度非常之大,仅次于比特币。

韩国


从左至右依次为全球和韩国虚拟资产市场市值前十的资产类别(单位:兆韩元)

韩国


从左至右依次为全球、韩国韩元市场、韩国代币市场市值前十的资产类别(单位:兆韩元)

韩国代币市场前十大市值资产中,除了 W** 资产外,其余 9 种资产均为单一交易所上线资产。
七、韩国交易所间的虚拟资产转移金额为 222 亿美元,应用 Travel Rule 规则的占比为 22%
 在韩国,交易所用户在韩国交易所之间转移价值超过 100 万韩元(746 美元)的虚拟资产时,需要提供发送方和接收方的信息(2022 年 3 月 25 日开始实施)。而对于向韩国国外交易所或个人钱包等的外部转移,仅在发送方和接收方相同,经过身份验证等自主预先注册钱包地址的情况下才可进行。
韩国报告交易所之间的转移方面,交易所的虚拟资产转移金额为 222 亿美元,相比去年下半年下降 3%,其中,应用 Travel Rule 规则的转账金额为约为 49 亿美元。
 向韩国国外交易所和个人钱包的转移方面,根据预先注册(白名单)的海外交易所或个人钱包地址,单次转移金额超过 100 万韩元的规模总计为 165 亿美元,推测这部分转移可能是为了进行套利交易等。
八、交易所用户情况:950 万注册用户,606 万交易用户
用户方面,2023 年上半年 26 家交易所共有约 950 万名注册用户(包括重复计算,剔除休眠账户),环比减少 19%,可能有休眠账户的增加和用户多账户转为单一账户的原因。
不过,交易所实际交易用户有 606 万名(包括重复计算,剔除休眠账户),环比减少 3%,其中,韩元市场用户有接近 597 万用户,代币市场只有 9.5 万名用户。
就韩国用户年龄段而言,30 多岁年龄段的用户最多,为 115 万名,占比为 30%,其次为 40 多岁(29%)、20 多岁(19%)。此外,韩国交易用户中,男性有 414 万名,占比 68%,女性有 192 万名。

韩国



九、73% 的韩国用户持有 747 美元以下虚拟资产,0.7% 的韩国用户持有 7.46 万美元以上虚拟资产
用户虚拟资产持有情况方面,67% 的用户持有少于 50 万韩元(373 美元)的虚拟资产,73% 的用户持有不到 100 万韩元(747 美元)虚拟资产。持有 1000 万韩元(7463 美元)以上的用户占比有 8%,持有 1 亿韩元(7.46 万美元)以上虚拟资产的用户比例为 0.7%(4.4 万人)。

韩国



十、虚拟资产钱包和托管业务现状:上半年营业利润为 261 万美元,环比减少 71%
9 家虚拟资产钱包和托管公司的总托管价值为 23.13 亿美元,比 2022 年年底增加了 29%。其中按用户类别来看,法人的托管价值达到 22.39 亿美元(122 家公司的平均虚拟资产托管价值为 1800 万美元,60 家公司为 0),个人托管价值约为 0.1 万亿韩元(30.3 万名个人用户的平均持有金额为 268 美元);按服务类别来看,托管业务的托管价值达到 21.64 亿美元,钱包服务存款价值为 7500 万美元。

韩国



此外,9 家虚拟资产钱包和托管公司的营业利润为 35 亿韩元(约合 261 万美元),相比 2022 年后半年 118 亿韩元的营业利润减少 71%。
虚拟资产钱包和托管公司方面的从业人员共有 272 名,其中 AML 相关的员工有 28 名。

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