曾鸣:AI+Crypto才是Web3,先有价值创造再有价值分配

MarsBitPublished on 2023-09-19Last updated on 2023-09-20

Abstract

如何让AI和加密货币等技术一直融合到应用的最顶层,这才是Web3的未来

本文是9月19日前阿里巴巴首席战略官曾鸣于万向区块链实验室主办的的第九届区块链全球峰会上发表的主题演讲《Web3的未来?》。在这次演讲中,曾鸣深入探讨了Web3.0的概念,着重强调了加密货币和人工智能之间的关系!以及它们对未来数字经济的重要性。他强调了创作者经济的崛起,将其视为未来经济的核心,并提出了基础设施与应用共同发展的观点,这将推动整个生态系统的的发展。此外,他也分享了对于Al Crypto Native Service的期待,认为这将是未来最令人兴奋的趋势之一。
以下是演讲全文:
今天我想与大家分享一些关于Web3的思考。我花了一些时间来思考演讲的主题,最终决定用一个问号来命名它。这是因为我们都知道下一站是Web3,但是这一站将停留在哪里?需要多长时间才能到达那一步?是2年还是5年?这个问题实际标上有很多令人困惑的地方,其中包括关于“Web3”具体定义的不明确之处。然而, Web3的两个主要源头,即加密货币(Crypto)和元宇宙(Metaverse),正在在推动Web3这个概念向前发展。
大家都认为加密货币或元宇宙是未来非常重要的方向,但在过去的两年里,这两个领域都面临了巨大的挑战。这使得许多从业者都感到困惑,比如在硅谷,很多从事加密货币的朋友可能有三分之二甚至更多的人已经转向了人工智能(AI)。因此,Web3的未来是什么?我认为这是值得再次讨论的话题。
今天,我的演讲将重点还是放在Blockchain和Crypto上,我认为这是非常重要的一部分。现在,让我们简要总结一下加密货币至今取得的成就,有两个非常坚实的共识,也取得了实际的成果,第一个是比特币(BTC),第二个是以太坊(Ethereum)。以太坊实际上是智能合约技术平台,经历了三到四个重要阶段:第一次是在ICO,奠定了以太坊的地位以及智能合约的重要性,还有第一代的重要应用,如交易所和钱包等用户应用;第二个重要的突破是从2020年夏天开始的 DeFi,以及GameFi和NFT。
但是目前,我们最大的困惑之一是下一步是什么?大家都期望会出现重大应用,但是很难预测这些应用是什么,何时出现。那么为什么加密货币取得了这样的成就呢?其实,其本质是一个价值网络(Value Network),不仅仅是信息网络,更重要的是它让数字资产能够更高效地流通。此外,与之相关的突破之一是Tokeneconomics的设计,它使激励机制能够更高效地应用,就像刚才蓝教授在谈到Web3与人工智能的关系时提到的,如何有效地结合开源社区和激励机制将是未来的一个重要创新领域。
本质上,我认为这是一种生产关系的创新。虽然这个术语有点传统,但我认为它仍然抓住了问题的本质,因为它促进了协作和合作,以及资产的交易和流通。它在价值创造方面还有很大的潜力。
但是一个特别有趣的事情是,金融在更广泛的经济范围内,金融是生产关系,是提高效率的工具,但是金融产品,特别是面向消费者的产品,如储值账户或资产,实际上是生产力的应用,与技术密切相关。因此,金融领域为什么比特币是区块链的最低应用之一,另一个区块链和加密货币的应用,一直是核心创新领域,其中一个最早落地的领域就是金融,金融在更广泛的经济范围内是生产关系的突破,它利用了区块链技术,但金融产品的创新又可以获得技术上的许多优势。因此,金融是一个相对独特的领域。但是从更广泛的角度来看,就我们期望的下一个十亿用户而言,加密货币卡在一个重要的方向上,即它无法直接提高消费者体验,它不是提高生产力的工具。
第二个问题是传统资产的数字化并不像大家想象的那么顺利,包括像RWA(real world assets)等。我们最近谈到了这些问题,但实际上几年前就开始谈论了,但是资产转移的过程一直不顺利。这实际上很容易理解,因为任何新技术试图将传统业务迁移到新领域通常都不太成功,因为它所创造的价值不够大,但是成本却很高。
还有一个类似的例子是传统企业所谓的数字化转型,这也是过去五年中最主要的话题之一,但成功的企业非常少,原因是新技术创造新应用、创造新资产才是未来。但是目前在整个加密货币领域,我们没有新的数字资产,只有以太坊和点对点网络(P2P),所有的金融创新也很大程度上围绕这两点展开。因此,我个人认为整个加密货币领域需要创新,加速前进,真正走向Web3,我们需要创造新的数字资产,而新的数字资产可能有三种途径。
第一种途径是金融领域的持续创新,因为金融本身是一个大产业,同时也是一个关键产业,它与加密货币和区块链融合在一起,融合了生产力和生产关系的技术创新的优势,因此我认为金融创新仍然是下一步的一个主要方向。这包括比特币的发展,例如目前比特币在某种程度上相对成功,这个成功的领域是替代性资产,类似数字黄金的角色。但是大家一直期望的像支付网络和普惠金融,即让目前没有金融服务的数十亿贫困地区能够获得金融服务,这些美好愿景仍然需要很长的时间才能实现,也是下一步需要突破的重点。
第二个重要领域是区块链本身仍然可以在金融领域实现技术创新,例如国际支付方面的最新发展,未来还可以看到它在扮演更大角色的可能性,因此金融创新将成为Web3的一个非常重要组成部分。
第二步是我们一直期待的游戏等新应用。在过去的两年中,大多数创新都集中在基础设施上,特别是Laver2的发展以及关于Laver2的知识,这使得Laver2在可扩展性、易用性和便捷性方面取得了很大的技术进步,但什么时候这些应用会突破,像GameFi这样的领域是大家非常期待的,因为过去两年有很多专业团队投入到这个领域,而且通常需要大约两年的开发时间,因此今年和明年初,我们都非常期待在GameFi领域会有一些令人瞩目的产品,将带来更多消费者的惊喜。
社交领域肯定也是大家期待的领域之一,就像最近的friend.Tech引起的热潮一样,包括下一步是否会有更大的突破,都令人期待不已。因此,基于现在的区块链与加密货币的基础设施发展,如何培育下一代应用肯定是社区目前关注的焦点之一。
但我今天特别想强调的是第三种途径。从去年底到今年初,我越来越清楚地看到,我认为AGI(人工智能通用智能)和加密货币是天造之和。加密货币主要作为一种生产关系的革命,而AGI是一种生产力的技术突破,AGI将创造大量的新数字资产。
现在让我们简要地看一下为什么会这样说,AGI是通用人工智能,自从chatGPT爆火后,我们都意识到这是人工智能领域的一个巨大突破,它的第一个最重要的应用领域叫做AIGC,也就是AI生成的内容,也就是说Al可以以低成本、极快的速度创造大量的新内容。而且这些内容本质上是数字的,而且这个领域的技术变化非常快,刚刚我们看到了文本到文本、文本到图像的技术,接下来很快会有一个突破领域是文本到视频,只要文本到3D视频的技术也有一个飞跃,那么我们肯定会看到内容行业会迎来井喷式的发展。
此外,还有一点非常重要,过去加密货币之所以还相对边缘,是因为许多数字内容,包括NFT等,本质上并不够重要,其价值也不够大。但是这些新的数字内容在整个经济中的价值将会越来越高。如果这些资产的价值很高,人们才会真正关注,这时交易成本是否能够降低,隐私是否能够得到保护,效率是否能够提高,才会成为人们关注的对象。如果像许多传统内容一样,在过去的一两年中,很多内容本身并没有价值,那么人们对其资产特性的关注自然就不那么高。
同时,非常重要的一点是,AI领域的发展会非常快,从现在的助手角色转向代理人,也就是说AI老师、AI医生、AI设计师等会越来越多,他们将直接取代人类,机器与机器之间的协同将大幅度取代机器与人的协同,人与人的协同。而智能合同本来就是为机器与机器的协同准备的,所以随着AI的进一步发展,智能合同的复杂程度和重要性也将有质的飞跃。
因此,基于上述三点,我认为加密货币的基础设施将变得越来越重要,不是因为加密货币本身有强大的动力,而是因为AI的发展需要加密货币和基础设施,因此创作者经济(Creator economy)这个词,以及Metaverse等词,虽然可能在过去两年有点过时,但我个人认为还没有找到更好的词。
我认为创作者经济肯定是未来经济的一个非常重要组成部分,甚至可以说是经济的核心特征。因此,加密货币的核心价值是建立一个高效的资产确权和交易的去中心化网络,这使得海量的人、机器和机器的协同工作成为可能。但是在价值分配之前必须有价值创造,因此如何让大量的人参与创造,如何让大量的AI之间更好地协同工作,如何解决激励机制的问题,如何解决资产交易和分配的问题,这都是非常关键的。因此,创造全新的参与创造权限的创作者经济,这才是未来的真正机会,这才具有重大的经济和社会意义,也才会成为经济的主流,而不是边缘。因此, AI、AGI和加密货币使这种数字经济的未来成为可能,也是真正的Web3。
同时,一个重要的观点是基础设施和应用是共同发展的。自从1993年的Landscape上市以来,我们可以清楚地看到,每一次基础设施的突破都与杀手级应用的产生密切相关,因此今天我们看到过去两年的基础设施建设,确实会让我们对下一个杀手级应用的出现充满期待。因此,我认为未来两年我们最期待的是Al Crypto Native Service的涌现。
尽管我们还不知道它的具体产品形态将会是什么,将在哪个具体领地域出现,但从趋势来看,这是必然发生的。当这样的应用出现时,它将带来大量新用户,也将为未来基础设施的发展指明方向,从而推动整个生态系统的发展。现在的挑战在于,真正的AI本土化尚未实现,尽管有很多Web3的加密货币转向了AI创业,但许多 Al本土的人,正如蓝教授刚才所说,对加密货币的理解仍然不足,因此我们接下来最需要的是让AI和加密货币领域的人与基础设施领域的人有更深入的结合。
也有点回到曹教授刚才提到的,从基础设施开始,如何让AI和加密货币等技术一直融合到应用的最顶层,这才是Web3的未来,也是一个更令人期待的未来。谢谢大家。

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