二十个要点:简单看懂香港最新加密货币咨询文件

吴说区块链Published on 2023-02-23Last updated on 2023-02-23

Abstract

《2022 年打击洗钱及恐怖分子资金筹集(修订)条例草案》于 2022 年 12 月 8 日通过。

要点

背景

1. 《2022 年打击洗钱及恐怖分子资金筹集(修订)条例草案》于 2022 年 12 月 8 日通过。

2. 根据新法案,所有在香港从事业务的虚拟资产服务提供商(VASP),如虚拟资产交易平台,将需要由证监会许可和监管。

3. 根据法案,虚拟资产服务是指在提供服务期间,运营虚拟资产交易所:(a)提供出售或购买虚拟资产的服务;或(b)介绍他人完成虚拟资产的销售或购买;以及(c)VASP(直接或间接)持有客户资金或客户虚拟资产。

4. VASP 主要涵盖中心化虚拟资产交易所。它也可能涵盖具有托管功能的 OTC 平台(取决于业务模式)。但 P2P 交易或 DeFi 协议不在考虑范围之内。

过渡期

5. 证监会建议,为在香港运营的现有 VASP,提供 12 个月的过渡期。

6. 在 2023 年 6 月 1 日之前在香港运营的 VASP,可以在此过渡期(直至 2024 年 5 月 31 日)继续运营。符合因素包括:

a) 在香港注册

b) 有在香港的实体办公室

c) 香港的员工主要管理和控制

d) 在香港有相当多的客户和交易活动

7. 现有的 VASP,如需获得 VASP 牌照,应于 2024 年 2 月 29 日前提交申请。

证监会提出的要求

8. 需要设有不低于五百万港元的注资资本,并保有不低于 12 个月经营费用的流动资产。

9. 证监会建议允许散户投资者使用已取得牌照的 VASP,但 VASP 必须考虑投资者的风险容忍度,并可以限制投资者对虚拟资产的曝露。

10. 对于客户资产的保管 – 所有客户的资金及虚拟资产必须由 VASP 的子公司(有 TCSP 牌照)持有。现时的要求是热钱包保管不得超过 2%,且种子及私钥必须存放于香港。

11. VASP 将会在上币前进行尽职调查,其考虑的标准包括代币专案团队的背景、代币的监管状态、流动性、安全基础设施等。然而,散户投资者只能投资于“大市值” 虚拟资产(主要只限于前 3 或前 5 代币)。除此之外,还有以下的尽职调查要求:

a) 智能合约审计

b) 律师的法律意见确认该代币不属于“证券”的定义

12. 证监会理解,要获得保险以覆盖客户存储在热钱包和冷钱包的虚拟资产存在实际困难。证监会建议同意补偿安排,以弥补投资者的损失,如黑客事件的损失。

13. VASP 不得提供或交易虚拟资产期货合约或衍生品。

14. 对 VASP 来说,提议取消之前的股权代币相关要求。

15. 证监会要求 VASP 执行“转账规则”要求,即 VASP 应记录发送虚拟资产给其客户和从其客户接收虚拟资产的人的身份,并且与其他司法管辖区的 VASP 交换客户信息。

16. 证监会提议 VASP 不应向客户提供算法交易服务或“质押”/“赚取”服务。

旧虚拟资产交易平台和新 VASP 制度

17. 证监会强调,旧型虚拟资产交易平台牌照(OSL 和 Haskey 已获得)是用于监管证券代币交易,而新型 VASP 牌照制度则是用于监管非证券代币交易。如果一个交易平台希望同时交易证券代币和非证券代币,它们应同时申请两种牌照(单一综合申请)。

责任官要求

18. VASP 需要至少有 2 名责任官(RO)来担任 VASP 的行政董事。其中至少有1名责任官必须居住在香港。其他关键雇员包括合规官、洗钱报告官、管理人员(例如风险管理人员)。

19. RO 的要求包括:

a) 合格而且得当的要求

b) 无犯罪记录,未受任何专业或监管机构的禁止,未被法院从董事职位中撤职,不是破产公司的董事

c) 通过香港证券及投资学会(HKSI)1 及 2 级考试

d) 虚拟资产行业经验(如果经验被牌照要求豁免,证监会可以接受非监管行业环境的经验)

e) 每年至少要求 12 小时的持续专业培训(CPT)

外部评估报告要求

20. 证监会还要求所有 VASP 牌照申请者在提交牌照前和批准原则后获得2份独立的评估报告。要评估的主要领域包括:

(a) 治理和人员配备;

(b) 代币准入;

(c) 虚拟资产托管;

(d) KYC、AML/CFT;

(e) 市场监控;

(f) 风险管理;

(g) 网络安全。

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