从数十亿美元估值到破产,加密借贷龙头 BlockFi 走向终局

比推Published on 2022-11-29Last updated on 2022-11-29

Abstract

11 月 28 日当地时间周一,成立于 2017 年的加密借贷平台 BlockFi 正式在美国申请第 11 章破产保护,成为 FTX 崩盘冲击波中最新破产的加密公司。

11 月 28 日当地时间周一,成立于 2017 年的加密借贷平台 BlockFi 正式在美国申请第 11 章破产保护,成为 FTX 崩盘冲击波中最新破产的加密公司。

破产文件显示,BlockFi 资产和负债在 10 亿至 100 亿美元之间,有 2.569 亿美元的现金以帮助支持其业务度过破产,该公司估计其拥有超过 10 万名债权人,欠三个最大债权人超过 10 亿美元,第一个是 Ankura Trust Company 的 7.29 亿美元,Ankura Trust Company 是该公司运行其 BlockFi 利息账户的受托人,第二、第三大债权人为 FTX US 和美国证券交易委员会(SEC),它们分别拥有 2.75 亿美元和 3000 万美元的无担保债权。

申请破产的 BlockFi 实体包括 BlockFi Inc.、BlockFi Services, Inc.、BlockFi International Ltd. 以及有限责任公司 BlockFi Wallet、BlockFi Ventures、BlockFi Trading、BlockFi Lending、BlockFi Lending II 和 BlockFi Investment Products。

比推终端数据显示,在 BlockFi 提交文件后,比特币价格在 16,200 美元附近徘徊,24 小时跌幅约 2%。

曾经的辉煌

BlockFi 由 Zac Prince 和 Flori Marquez 在美国新泽西州创立,曾是最知名的加密借贷平台之一,客户可以使用加密货币作为抵押品。截至去年,该平台声称拥有超过 450,000 名零售客户。

BlockFi 的借贷模式在传统金融投资银行中是一种非常普遍的做法,该公司一开始先是允许比特币持有者借出代币享受利息,而无需真正出售其持有的资产,这个概念还意味着借用加密货币的客户不受传统信用检查的约束,而平台自身也能避开资本收益应缴纳的部分税款。

2019 年,BlockFi 推出了加密计息账户,客户可以从中获得 6.2% 起的非固定利息。

该公司在新冠大流行期间发展壮大,并在纽约、新泽西、新加坡、波兰和阿根廷设有办事处。

到 2021 年 4 月 23 日,BlockFi 的加密计息账户已扩展到其他十种加密货币。次年 8 月,BlockFi 完成了 5 亿美元的 E 轮融资,投后估值升至 38 亿美元,与此同时,其员工人数增至 818 人。

根据 BlockFi 的网站,该公司著名的股权支持者包括 Tiger Global、Jump Capital、Winklevoss Capital、Peter Thiel、Galaxy Digital、西北大学校友风险投资基金 Purple Arch Ventures、Paradigm、Morgan Creek Digital 和 CMS Holdings。

监管缠身

然而,加密货币固有的波动性也意味着借入头寸的保证金可能会迅速被清算,极端情况将导致客户和充当交易对手的 BlockFi 在市场抛售期间损失大量资金。

监管机构也一直在审查 BlockFi。比推此前报道,2 月份,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)与该公司的借贷部门达成 1 亿美元的和解协议,原因是该公司在未将其注册为证券的情况下提供贷款,并且未注册为投资公司。SEC 还认为 BlockFi 对其贷款组合和贷款活动的风险水平做出了虚假和误导性陈述。

本月早些时候,加州金融保护和创新部暂时吊销了 BlockFi 发放和代理贷款的许可证 30 天,等待调查。

三箭资本、FTX 破产的双重冲击

市场下行、三箭资本 (3AC) 的倒闭、FTX 的崩溃,让 BlockFi 的命运急转直下。

该公司在 7 月份表示,3AC 是 BlockFi 最大的借款客户之一,并导致其损失约 8000 万美元。三箭资本暴雷、高达一亿美元的监管罚款、市场持续低迷令 BlockFi 举步维艰,为了保住业务,BlockFi 于 6 月与 FTX 达成协议,FTX 同意向该公司提供 4 亿美元的信贷额度,这在当时的 BlockFi 看来是一根救命稻草。

Prince 和 Marquez 当时表示:「最终,我们找到了一个很好的合作伙伴 FTX US,它与我们一样对客户做出承诺」。

BlockFi 随后从 FTX 的一家子公司借款 2.75 亿美元,这种互相交织的财务关系意味着,当 FTX 倒闭并被披露私自转移客户资产时,BlockFi 也难逃厄运。

11 月初,BlockFi 就其与 FTX 的贷款协议提出借款请求,但未获兑现,BlockFi 于 11 月 10 日冻结客户提款。四天后,该公司宣布聘请金融重组顾问 Berkley Research Group,理由是「对 FTX 和相关公司实体的重大敞口」,包括 Alameda Research 欠 BlockFi 的债务、FTX.com 持有的资产,以及 BlockFi 在 FTX.US 的 2.5 亿美元信贷额度中未提取的金额。

据知情人士透露,在 FTX 申请破产保护后的几天内,BlockFi 已经开始与重组专业人士进行谈判。

惠誉评级高级主管 Monsur Husain 评论称,BlockFi 的重组凸显了「加密生态系统」内蔓延的「重大」风险,以及公司管理风险的潜在缺陷。

虽然该结果对加密社区来说已是预料之中,但 BlockFi 的破产对该行业来说仍是沉重的打击。此前 7 月,BlockFi 的两个竞争对手 Celsius Network 和 Voyager Digital 在一周内相继倒闭,另一家规模较大的加密借贷公司 Genesis Lending 两周前暂停客户提款,目前也面临着相似的财务困境,下一个倒下的多米诺骨牌将会是谁呢?

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