Arthur Hayes 博文:山寨币季节到了 我的选择是?

吴说Published on 2024-02-29Last updated on 2024-02-29

Abstract

我们都是投机者。我们存在于这个宇宙中的每一刻都充满了不确定性。在我们试图穿越不可预测的存在时,大脑不断构建我们环境的概率图。我们的行动不是基于事实,而是基于对各种结果的概率预测。

我们依靠他人判断叙事的好坏

我们都是投机者。我们存在于这个宇宙中的每一刻都充满了不确定性。在我们试图穿越不可预测的存在时,大脑不断构建我们环境的概率图。我们的行动不是基于事实,而是基于对各种结果的概率预测。

一个简单例子是滑雪时引发雪崩的风险。最佳的滑雪坡度在 35° 到 40° 之间,这也是雪崩的理想坡度。在开始滑雪之前之前,我的向导将评估可能发生雪崩的概率,基于雪情、天气条件、其他向导最近在同一区域滑雪的观察结果。如果风险太高,我们就不滑雪。

一个更常见的例子是坐电梯还是爬楼梯。前者比后者快。然而,电梯是机械设备,有时会发生故障,而故障可能导致严重伤害或死亡。你可以计算期望值(概率*结果),评估受伤或死亡的可能性,和乘坐电梯上 30 层楼所节省的时间和精力。

你每时每刻都在用生命赌博。这不是一件坏事;这正是人类无法完美预测未来的本质。如果我们确切地知道未来将如何发展,那将是一种多么可怕的存在。我更喜欢我们的不完美。

你对某些行为的自我解释构成了你对它们(将带来的)风险的感知。我将称之为叙事。对于像人类这样的社会生物,叙事主要是通过“群体的智慧”来创造的。无论好坏,最有影响力的故事都是所有人都相信的那些故事。

这种叙事也是由客观事实所构建的。事实在大多数情况下是指向某些行为的风险性的离散事件。雪崩在 40° 的坡度上更为常见,这是一个事实。乘坐电梯时人们受伤或丧生也是事实。

日常对话和客观事实结合起来构成了叙事。尽管事实很重要,但作为个体人类,要知道电梯上总共乘坐过的次数中确切的死亡人数非常困难。同样,要知道在 40° 坡度上因雪崩而死亡的滑雪者数量与在类似坡度上进行的总滑行次数之比也是一项挑战。在我们无法确定确切的精算数据的情况下,我们依赖他人。

而在上述的事件当中,真正的运作过程如下:

雪崩

我的向导经验丰富,接受过大量培训,知道如何确定哪些斜坡容易发生雪崩,他相信这条特定线路是安全的。安全并不意味着不会发生雪崩;安全意味着雪崩的可能性低到可以接受的程度。因此,由于我对他培训系统的信任,这个系统是随着时间积累了成千上万名登山导游的经验而不断完善的,我会跟随他滑下这条斜坡。

电梯

我知道坐电梯比走楼梯更危险。但是其他人都在乘电梯。如果其他人都乘电梯,那么它一定是安全的。每个人不可能同时都错。此外,有建筑法规是使用训练有素的工程师的经验创建的,并且该电梯被认证为安全的。因此,相信我素未谋面的工程师的专业知识和大众的智慧,我觉得乘坐电梯很安全。

我们分配概率的方式并不取决于事实或技术,而是取决于我们对事实的感知以及技术的好坏。这些感知基于其他人的说法,我们假设他们由于培训和经验而比我们知道得更多,他们说的是事实或说的是好的技术。

加密世界

要将这与加密货币联系起来,考虑以下情况。假设一个新项目声称利用新颖的技术解决了一个问题。他们声称要解决的问题是众所周知的,并且其他试图解决这个问题的项目的代币被高度重视。你相信该项目的工程师足够聪明和有才华,能够解决这个问题。你之所以相信这一点,是因为其他成功启动加密货币项目的工程师正在为他们提供建议。你也对团队充满信心,因为他们毕业于声誉良好的以技术为重点的大学,并且在成功的科技公司有过工作经验。因为叙事很强大(故事+技术),所以你投资了。但更深入地挖掘你的思维过程,哪个更重要:故事还是技术?

答案是故事

故事比技术更重要。你认为的成功概率是基于其他人对问题的看法以及其他人对团队技术能力的看法。你有能力从基础层面评估技术是小概率事件。这就是为什么你相信其他人比你更了解情况,以判断该技术是否很有可能解决问题。

虽然你的技术技能通常不足以正确评估项目,但你可以很容易地了解一个故事是否优秀。一个好的故事是越来越多的人互相传播的故事。当然如果故事以积极的方式被传播那就更好。例如“在这一轮市场中,所有的散户都将从 CEX 转向 DEX。”但即使故事以消极的方式传播:“散户不可能会离开 CEX 转向 DEX。”,交易量从中心化交易所向去中心化交易所的迁移的故事仍然在传播。

我不在乎人们是否相信这个故事,我只是希望他们讲述其中的积极或消极变量。因为在这一轮中,长期持有比做空能赚更多钱,乐观主义将战胜悲观主义。这只是人类大脑的工作方式。

我的工作是什么?

虽然我的正式头衔是 Maelstrom 的首席投资官,但我应该把它改为首席叙事官。我讲述故事。故事越好、越简洁,传播速度就越快。故事的传播性越强,与该故事相邻的代币升值幅度就越大。

技术并不重要!

Maelstrom 的金融专业人士都毕业于沃顿商学院。虽然我们了解 Crypto 和区块链技术的潜力应用,但我们不是密码学家、分布式网络专家,也不具备深厚的计算机科学技术知识。当我们进行交易时,我们将技术尽职调查外包给拥有这些技能的其他人。

其他人可能是早期投资者列表中的头部 VC,可能是该项目备受尊敬的技术顾问。如果没有这些验证者,我们也可能会对技术感到满意,因为创始人已经推出过成功的项目。

我们的工作是确定哪个项目在纵向故事中最有可能成功。成功取决于广泛传播的宏观和微观故事。你在一个故事从被认为“永远不会”变成“可能”发生的代币上赚了最多的钱。

我宁愿投资一个预期成功概率为 0.01%、故事处于病毒式增长阶段的代币,也不愿投资一个预期成功概率为 50%、故事已进入常识阶段的代币。如果成功的概率从 0.01% 上升到仅仅 1%,因为这个故事很快感染了许多人的感知,那么投资将增长 100 倍。

宏观故事讲述了一个观察到的趋势以及这个项目将如何利用它。它更像是一个故事而不是趋势,因为我们正在将一个小的运动推演到更为不确定的未来。例如有一个宏观故事“散户的衍生品交易正在从 CEX 转向 DEX”,而 BitPerp 正在建立一个 Perp DEX。BitPerp 的代币将会上涨,因为它的宏观故事目前并不为人知,但具有病毒式传播能力。

微观故事则讲述了为什么这个特定项目将成为在特定宏观故事中竞争中最佳的项目之一。微观故事案例有“BitPerp 得到了 Arthur Hayes 的建议,他帮助发明了 Perp 交易”,当其他人听说 Arthur 参与其中时,他们会假设该项目将得到一些牛 X 的建议,以帮助他们击败其他竞争项目。

我很少写关于比特币和以太坊之外的特定代币的深度微观故事。但是,现在是牛市时间。我已经奠定了推动加密采用的重要力量的基础,是时候推销我的资产了。

结果

结果,也就是说,交易量增长、TVL、独立地址数量等等,真的重要吗?是的,它们很重要,但它们对代币价格的重要性取决于你投资于炒作生命周期的哪个阶段。

当投资于一个你认为将从“从未”到“可能”发生的故事/趋势时,项目的吸引力重要性较低。市场并不期望太多,因为市场认为这个代币与一个未来不太可能增长的趋势相关联。因此,即使是平庸的结果也会被吹嘘为开创性的,因为期望值太低了。

当投资于一个你认为将从“可能”到“肯定”发生的故事/趋势时,项目的吸引力的重要性就很高。市场的期望很高,因为他们相信美好的未来。在前一个阶段被认为是令人惊讶的结果,在这个阶段被认为是平庸的。惊人的结果并不够;在这个阶段,一个项目必须具备真正革命性才能满足期望。

Shitcoin 时间到

这篇文章的目的是向读者展示指导 Maelstrom 的概念框架。在接下来的几个月里,我写的大部分文章都会聚焦于我们持有的特定代币及其宏观和微观故事。这些代币已经推出或即将推出,因此,我正在努力将这个故事传播得更广泛。我不在乎你是否买卖任何我谈到的代币。我在乎的是我提出了一个如此引人注目的故事和支持性论点,以至于你会与他人以积极或消极的方式讨论它。

当我在社交媒体上读到我写的内容时,我知道我已经成功了。

以下是我打算在未来几个月讲述的宏观和微观故事的粗略想法。

● 散户转向 DEX:dYdX、GMX,可能还有其他竞争者;

● 由 ETH 质押引发的利率互换需求:Pendle;

● Shitcoin 双币衍生品:Krav;

● DEX 链流动性由中间件提供,去做市商化:Elixir;

● 结算和清算价格链上预言机:Flare;

● 非法币储备的稳定币:Ethena;

● 无桥跨链:Axelar。

收获

眼下,人们的精力和关注点集中在美国上市的现货比特币 ETF 购入的惊人数量上。加上全球法币贬值狂欢,这将推动比特币在法币价值方面达到难以想象的高度。而即将推出的 ETH ETF 也将推高 ETH 价格。我已经持有了 BTC 和 ETH,我可能会再买一点,但总体上,我的注意力正在转向 Shitcoin。

我可以购买到比 BTC 和 ETH 表现更好的代币吗?这是 Maelstrom 的最低回报率。我们通过尽可能了解某些项目和讲述令人惊叹的故事来实现这一目标。

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