# Пов'язані статті щодо Cryptography

Центр новин HTX надає останні статті та поглиблений аналіз на тему "Cryptography", що охоплює ринкові тренди, оновлення проєктів, технологічні розробки та регуляторну політику в криптоіндустрії.

By The Numbers: How Much Bitcoin Supply Is Exposed To Quantum Risk?

Glassnode estimates that 6.04 million BTC, representing over 30% of the circulating supply, is potentially exposed to quantum computing risk. The risk arises when a wallet's public key is visible on the blockchain, which quantum computers could theoretically use to break cryptographic security. This exposed supply is divided into two categories: structurally unsafe coins (1.92 million BTC, 9.6%) due to older wallet designs, and operationally unsafe coins (4.12 million BTC, 20.6%) where practices like address reuse have revealed public keys. While structurally unsafe supply has decreased over time, operationally unsafe supply has grown. The remaining 13.99 million BTC are considered safe. Concurrently, Bitcoin's price is near $77,000, down over 3% weekly.

bitcoinistВчора 14:03

By The Numbers: How Much Bitcoin Supply Is Exposed To Quantum Risk?

bitcoinistВчора 14:03

Vitalik's Latest Long Read: In the AI Era, How Can Code Become More Secure?

Vitalik Buterin explores the role of formal verification as a critical tool for software security, especially in the AI era and for blockchain systems. He defines formal verification as using machine-checkable mathematical proofs to verify that code meets specified properties, moving beyond manual auditing. The article highlights that while AI can generate code and find vulnerabilities rapidly, it also makes formal verification more accessible by assisting in writing proofs. This is crucial for Ethereum's complex components like STARKs, ZK-EVMs, consensus algorithms, and high-performance EVM implementations, where bugs can lead to irreversible losses. Vitalik argues that formal verification enables a powerful "separation of concerns": AI can write highly optimized (e.g., assembly) code for efficiency, while a separate, human-readable specification defines correctness. A machine-checked proof then verifies their equivalence. This paradigm can create a more secure "trusted core" of software. However, he cautions that formal verification is not a panacea. "Proven correctness" depends on the accuracy of the specifications and proofs themselves, which can be wrong or incomplete. Risks include unverified code sections, hardware-level side-channel attacks, and overlooked assumptions. The true goal is not absolute proof but increased confidence through redundant expressions of intent—using code, tests, types, and formal proofs—and automatically checking their consistency. The article concludes that AI and formal verification are complementary: AI enables scale, while verification ensures accuracy. For critical systems, this combination offers a path toward stronger security in a future with powerful AI adversaries, helping to maintain the defensive advantage essential for a decentralized internet.

marsbit05/19 09:56

Vitalik's Latest Long Read: In the AI Era, How Can Code Become More Secure?

marsbit05/19 09:56

BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Path for BSC

BNB Chain, a leading Layer-1 blockchain ecosystem, has released a research report exploring the potential migration path for BNB Smart Chain (BSC) to post-quantum cryptography. The study evaluates replacing traditional cryptographic systems with quantum-resistant alternatives, specifically examining the use of ML-DSA-44 for transaction signing and pqSTARK for aggregating validator consensus signatures. While quantum computers are not currently a practical threat to existing blockchain cryptography, the research represents a proactive effort to ensure long-term network security and infrastructure resilience. The report assessed several core areas of the BSC tech stack, including post-quantum transaction signing, validator signature aggregation, transaction validation, public key storage, and network performance under increased data loads. A key finding is that achieving post-quantum readiness is technically feasible today but requires significant trade-offs in scalability. Test data indicates: • Transaction size would increase from ~110 bytes to ~2.5 kilobytes. • Block size would grow from ~110 kilobytes to ~2 megabytes. • Native transfer TPS would decrease from 4,973 to 2,997. The primary performance bottleneck is not signature verification itself, but the increased network transmission overhead caused by larger transaction and block sizes. Conversely, the pqSTARK aggregation technology proved highly efficient, compressing validator signatures by an approximately 43:1 ratio, which helps manage consensus-layer overhead. The report notes that post-quantum alternatives for areas like P2P handshakes and KZG commitments were not within the scope of this evaluation and require further research and broader ecosystem coordination. BNB Chain emphasizes this work is a research-oriented exploration and not a response to any imminent security threat.

marsbit05/18 13:51

BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration Path for BSC

marsbit05/18 13:51

BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring the Path to Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration for BSC

BNB Chain has released a new research report exploring a potential migration path for BNB Smart Chain (BSC) to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). The study assesses the feasibility and performance impact of replacing traditional blockchain cryptography with quantum-resistant alternatives, aiming to ensure long-term network security. Key areas evaluated include post-quantum transaction signatures (proposing ML-DSA-44), validator signature aggregation, transaction verification, public key storage, and cross-regional network performance under increased data loads. A major finding is that while technically feasible now, achieving PQC-readiness involves significant scalability trade-offs. Test data showed transaction size increased from ~110 bytes to ~2.5 KB, block size grew from ~110 KB to ~2 MB, and native transfer TPS decreased from 4,973 to 2,997. The primary performance bottleneck was identified as increased network transmission overhead due to larger data volumes, rather than the signature verification process itself. Notably, the pqSTARK aggregation technique proved efficient, compressing validator signatures at a ~43:1 ratio, which helps manage consensus layer overhead. The report clarifies this is a research-oriented exploration, not a response to an imminent threat, and notes that areas like P2P handshakes and KZG commitments require further study and broader ecosystem coordination.

链捕手05/18 13:24

BNB Chain Releases Research Report, Exploring the Path to Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration for BSC

链捕手05/18 13:24

Crypto Systems Could Be Outpaced By Quantum Tech By 2033, Says Hoskinson

Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson warns that quantum computers could break current blockchain cryptography by 2033, with a probability exceeding 50%. He highlighted Bitcoin Improvement Proposal (BIP) 361 as a potential path for Bitcoin to migrate to quantum-resistant addresses. Most blockchains, including Bitcoin, rely on encryption vulnerable to quantum attacks. Cardano is proactively researching lattice-based cryptography and plans to adopt federal quantum-resistant standards (FIPS 203-206), leveraging its scheduled annual hard forks for seamless upgrades. Hoskinson noted that while Cardano's transition could be straightforward, Bitcoin's path is less clear due to its slower, more contested upgrade process. The broader crypto industry faces an urgent deadline to overhaul its security systems.

bitcoinist05/18 06:46

Crypto Systems Could Be Outpaced By Quantum Tech By 2033, Says Hoskinson

bitcoinist05/18 06:46

Cardano Founder Says Monero Is ‘What Bitcoin Should Have Been’

Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson argues that Monero represents the "privacy-preserving cryptocurrency Bitcoin should have been," praising its technical design and steadfast commitment to cypherpunk principles. In an interview, he highlighted Monero's use of advanced features like ASIC-resistant puzzles, full-chain membership proofs, and ring signatures, calling it a pioneer in privacy at scale. Hoskinson noted that while privacy systems are often complex and built by specialists, Monero has successfully balanced strong privacy guarantees with usability without compromising its decentralized ethos. He emphasized the importance of such uncompromising projects in the broader crypto ecosystem, comparing different cryptocurrency communities to a "Justice League" where each member, like Monero, plays a distinct and vital role.

bitcoinist05/14 19:02

Cardano Founder Says Monero Is ‘What Bitcoin Should Have Been’

bitcoinist05/14 19:02

ZK-Driven Bitcoin Privacy Solution Officially Launches on Starknet

Starknet has launched strkBTC, a ZK-driven privacy solution for Bitcoin. It uses Starknet's zero-knowledge technology to shield transaction details and balances on the public ledger, addressing growing security concerns like targeted robberies and AI-powered wallet tracking. The system is designed to be compliance-ready, featuring view keys for authorized audits and third-party screening to prevent illicit funds. Future plans include confidential DeFi activities on Starknet, quantum-resistant cryptography, integration with BitVM for enhanced security, and a long-term goal of a trustless bridge via a Bitcoin OP_CAT soft fork. The initiative aims to make Bitcoin function as private digital cash while maintaining necessary accountability.

marsbit05/14 11:09

ZK-Driven Bitcoin Privacy Solution Officially Launches on Starknet

marsbit05/14 11:09

New Protocol Tacit: The ZEC of the Bitcoin Ecosystem

The article discusses Tacit, a new privacy-focused Bitcoin asset protocol emerging after a period of relative quiet in the Bitcoin ecosystem. Unlike BRC-20 or Runes, Tacit is a "meta-protocol" where the indexer runs directly in the user's browser, removing the need for centralized servers. Its key innovation is enabling privacy for token amounts on the Bitcoin mainnet. Tacit employs cryptographic techniques like Pedersen Commitments and Bulletproofs to conceal transaction amounts while proving conservation of funds. It uses Mimblewimble-style signatures to prevent inflation and ECDH encryption to ensure only senders and receivers can decrypt real amounts. This makes it a native "privacy coin" for Bitcoin, albeit one that hides amounts but not the direction of fund flows between addresses. The protocol, developed by ross.wei (known for Ethereum's ZAMM), has rapidly evolved since its May 7 launch. It now supports fair launches, a marketplace, token swaps, and a novel mixer similar to Tornado Cash but without relying on smart contracts. However, this privacy comes at a cost, with transaction fees estimated to be about 10 times higher than Runes. Future plans include privacy-wrapping native Bitcoin (cBTC), implementing silent receipts, and hiding the token type in transfers. The main token, $TAC, has gained traction with a market cap around $4 million. Positioned between simpler token standards and complex solutions like RGB, Tacit represents a significant and innovative step for on-chain privacy within the Bitcoin ecosystem.

marsbit05/14 11:09

New Protocol Tacit: The ZEC of the Bitcoin Ecosystem

marsbit05/14 11:09

Hoskinson Says Cardano Faces A Make-Or-Break Web3 Problem

Charles Hoskinson argues that Cardano's next phase must address a critical Web3 weakness: the industry's reliance on centralized off-chain infrastructure, which contradicts decentralization ideals. Citing Moxie Marlinspike's essay, he acknowledges Cardano faces the same problem, where user experience often depends on centralized services. Hoskinson proposes that Midnight's cryptographic tools and BlockFrost's transformation into a decentralized infrastructure network are key solutions. He connects this vision to current treasury proposals, emphasizing the need to build scalable, decentralized off-chain systems instead of recreating Web2 centralization.

bitcoinist04/24 23:31

Hoskinson Says Cardano Faces A Make-Or-Break Web3 Problem

bitcoinist04/24 23:31

XRP’s Quantum Readiness In 2 Years: What This Means For Investors

XRP Ledger (XRPL) developers have unveiled a four-phase roadmap to achieve full post-quantum readiness by 2028, positioning it ahead of most major blockchains in addressing this critical security challenge. The plan includes creating a fallback mechanism for fund security, testing quantum-resistant signature schemes, and deploying hybrid cryptographic solutions. Ripple’s engineering lead emphasized that this transition represents a fundamental architectural shift affecting key management and validator infrastructure. The urgency stems from growing quantum computing threats, with research indicating that advanced systems could crack current encryption methods, exposing public keys on-chain. The final phase aims for full native post-quantum cryptography implementation by 2028.

bitcoinist04/24 04:02

XRP’s Quantum Readiness In 2 Years: What This Means For Investors

bitcoinist04/24 04:02

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