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2025 Bitcoin Protocol Layer Comprehensive Review

**Summary: Bitcoin Protocol Layer Review 2025** The 2025 Bitcoin Optech annual report highlights a major shift in Bitcoin's development, moving from "passive defense" to "active evolution." The year was defined by three core trends: **defensive hardening** against future quantum computing threats, **functional layering** to enhance scalability and programmability without compromising decentralization, and **infrastructure decentralization** to lower participation barriers and strengthen censorship resistance. Key developments include: 1. **Quantum Defense:** A clear, actionable roadmap emerged, with proposals like P2TSH and discussions on post-quantum signature schemes (e.g., Winternitz, STARKs). 2. **Soft Fork Proposals:** A surge in proposals (e.g., CTV, CSFS, OP_CCV) aimed at enabling more expressive scripts for native vaults and complex contracts. 3. **Mining Decentralization:** Progress on Stratum v2 and new protocols like MEVpool to return transaction selection power to individual miners and combat censorship. 4. **Security & Testing:** Enhanced immunity through rigorous vulnerability disclosures and differential fuzzing, which identified over 35 critical bugs. 5. **Lightning Network Splicing:** Experimental feature allowing dynamic channel balance adjustments without closures, significantly improving usability. 6. **Validation Efficiency:** Advancements in SwiftSync and Utreexo to dramatically reduce the resource requirements for running a full node. 7. **Cluster Mempool:** A near-complete overhaul of Bitcoin Core's transaction sorting algorithm for more predictable fee estimation and block building. 8. **P2P Network Optimizations:** Policy updates, like a lower default relay fee, and continued work on Erlay to improve transaction propagation and reduce bandwidth. 9. **OP_RETURN Debate:** A philosophical debate on block space usage sparked by a policy change that relaxed data carrier limits. 10. **Bitcoin Kernel:** A major architectural shift to decouple consensus code into a reusable component, improving security for the entire ecosystem. This report underscores Bitcoin's maturation, focusing on long-term security, scalability, and maintaining its core decentralized principles through foundational upgrades.

marsbit12/23 11:06

2025 Bitcoin Protocol Layer Comprehensive Review

marsbit12/23 11:06

RWA Weekly Report|Data: Approximately 50% of Euro Stablecoins Deployed on Ethereum; Potential Policy Adjustments as Trump Prepares for Next November's Midterm Elections May Again Impact Digital Assets (12.18-12.23)

RWA Weekly Report: Data shows approximately 50% of euro-denominated stablecoins are deployed on Ethereum; potential policy shifts as Trump prepares for midterm elections may impact digital asset markets (Dec 18–23, 2025). The on-chain value of Real World Assets (RWA) grew 1.65% to $19.05 billion, while the broader RWA market contracted slightly to $402.57 billion. User adoption continued to rise, with RWA holders increasing to 582,639 and stablecoin holders reaching 212.54 million. U.S. Treasury bonds remained the core asset at $8.7 billion, while commodities and private equity saw notable growth. Key developments include the SEC issuing new guidance for crypto asset custody and ATS operations, Hong Kong proposing new rules for insurer investments in crypto assets, and U.S. lawmakers discussing tax exemptions for small stablecoin transactions. Data from Token Terminal indicates about half of all euro stablecoins are on Ethereum. Political focus remains on potential policy adjustments by Trump ahead of the 2026 midterm elections, which could affect digital asset markets. Projects like Ondo Finance and MSX (STONKS) are advancing tokenized traditional assets, with Ondo expanding to Solana and MSX preparing for Nasdaq’s potential entry into tokenized stocks. Ghana legalized cryptocurrency trading and is exploring gold-backed stablecoins, reflecting global regulatory evolution. Stablecoin supply reached $300 billion in 2025, with significant transaction volume driving growth in related ecosystems.

Odaily星球日报12/23 10:48

RWA Weekly Report|Data: Approximately 50% of Euro Stablecoins Deployed on Ethereum; Potential Policy Adjustments as Trump Prepares for Next November's Midterm Elections May Again Impact Digital Assets (12.18-12.23)

Odaily星球日报12/23 10:48

Gold and Silver Have Gone Crazy: Is Bitcoin 'Lagging Behind' or Building Momentum During Christmas Week?

During the Christmas week, global markets saw a surge in safe-haven assets like gold and silver, which reached new all-time highs amid a weaker dollar and falling Treasury yields. In contrast, Bitcoin remained stagnant, trading within a narrow range of $88,000–$89,000, failing to capitalize on favorable macro conditions. Market participants are questioning whether Bitcoin will experience a "Santa Rally," a seasonal uptick often seen in traditional risk assets. Analysts note that the current macro environment remains in a "wait-and-see" mode, with investors cautious ahead of key U.S. economic data releases. ETF flows reflect this uncertainty, with Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs seeing significant outflows, while smaller altcoins like XRP and Solana saw minor inflows. Technically, Bitcoin is consolidating, with key resistance at $93,000–$95,000 and support near $85,000. A major $24 billion options expiration on Friday adds to the short-term volatility, with bulls targeting $100,000 and bears defending $85,000. Analysts like Gabriel Selby of CF Benchmarks suggest Bitcoin’s current behavior doesn’t align with a typical Santa Rally, noting low volume and a lack of momentum. Legendary trader Peter Brandt reiterated his long-term cycle analysis, predicting a new bull market peak by September 2029 after a significant correction. Historically, Bitcoin’s Christmas performance has been mixed, with an average gain of 7.9% since 2011. This year, however, the focus is on structural consolidation rather than festive optimism. Bitcoin’s pause highlights its current perception as a risk asset, with direction likely depending on renewed institutional interest rather than seasonal trends.

marsbit12/23 10:08

Gold and Silver Have Gone Crazy: Is Bitcoin 'Lagging Behind' or Building Momentum During Christmas Week?

marsbit12/23 10:08

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