# SPO Related Articles

Cardano Founder Reveals Leios Solves The Blockchain Trilemma

Cardano is developing a major layer-1 upgrade called Ouroboros Leios, aimed at significantly increasing the network's throughput from the current 10–15 transactions per second (TPS) to around 500 TPS initially, with a long-term goal of reaching 10,000 TPS. The upgrade, targeted for release in 2026, is designed to enhance scalability while maintaining decentralization and security—addressing the blockchain trilemma. Cardano founder Charles Hoskinson emphasized that Leios is the result of a decade of research and collaboration among numerous scientists and engineers. The protocol introduces a new block type called "endorser blocks" to bundle more transactions efficiently. Additionally, the upgrade is engineered to fail safely back to the current Ouroboros Praos consensus if needed. The development team plans a gradual rollout to avoid overburdening stake pool operators (SPOs), with a public testnet expected by the end of Q2 2026. Hoskinson also highlighted Cardano’s on-chain governance and treasury as key long-term advantages for funding future upgrades.

bitcoinist02/10 12:34