利空齐袭:日元加息 + 矿场关门,加密市场迎来至暗一周?

Foresight NewsPublished on 2025-12-16Last updated on 2025-12-16

Abstract

ETF 单日净流出 3.5 亿 + 算力暴跌 17%,比特币 8.5 万关口岌岌可危。

完成降息后的这周开局,走势并不妙。

比特币回落至 85,600 美元 附近,以太坊失守 3000 美元 关口;加密概念股同步承压,Strategy 与 Circle 日内跌幅均接近 7%,Coinbase 下跌逾 5%,而矿企 CLSK、HUT、WULF 的跌幅甚至超过 10%。

从日本央行加息预期,到美联储后续降息路径的不确定性,再到长期持有者、矿工与做市商的系统性去风险,本轮下跌的原因更偏向宏观层面。

日元加息,被低估的第一张「多米诺骨牌」

日本加息是本次下跌最大的因素,这可能是今年金融行业最后一件大事。

历史数据显示,日本一加息,比特币持有者都不好过。

过去三次日本央行加息后,比特币在 4–6 周内下跌 20%–30%。正如分析师 Quinten 详细统计的那样:比特币在 2024 年 3 月日元加息后下跌约 27%,7 月加息后下跌 30%,2025 年 1 月加息后再次下跌 30%。

而这一次,是日本 2025 年 1 月以来首次加息,利率水平可能创 30 年新高。目前预测市场上显示,日元加息 25 个基点的概率是 97%,已是板上钉钉,当天的会议可能只是一个流程,市场已经提前给出了下跌反应。

分析师 Hanzo 就表示加密市场忽视对日本央行的动向,是一个重大失误。他指出,日本作为美国国债最大海外持有国(持仓超 1.1 万亿美元),其央行政策变动可能影响全球美元供应、国债收益率以及比特币等风险资产。

多位聚焦宏观分析的推特用户也同样指出,日元是除了美元之外最大的外汇巿场玩家、对资本市场的影响可能比欧元都大,美股近三十年大牛市都与日元套利有很大关系。多年来,投资者以低利率借入日元贷款,用于投资美股美债或是购买加密货币等高收益资产。当日本利率上升时,这些头寸可能迅速平仓,导致所有市场出现强制清算和去杠杆化。

且目前的市场背景是:多数主要央行在降息,日本央行却加息,这种反差将引发套利交易平仓,也就意味着此类加息导致加密货币市场再度动荡。

更重要的是,日元本次加息本身或许并非关键风险所在,更关键的是日本央行对 2026 年政策指引所释放的信号。目前日本央行已确认,自 2026 年 1 月起将出售价值约 5500 亿美元的 ETF 持仓。而如果 2026 年日本央行将再次或多次加息,那么将迎来更多加息和加速债券抛售,进一步解除日元套利交易,引发一场风险资产的抛售和日元回流,并可能对股市和加密货币造成持续的冲击。

但如果幸运的话,本次日本央行加息后,未来几次会议暂停继续加息的话,那么市场闪崩结束可能会迎来一段反弹行情。

美国后续降息预期不确定

当然,任何下跌都不会是单一因素和单一变量。这次日本央行加息与比特币暴跌的时间段还同时存在以下情况:杠杆率达到峰值;美元流动性紧缩;持仓极端水平;全球流动性和杠杆的影响等等。

我们再把目光重新投向美国。

本次降息靴子落地后的第一周,比特币开始走弱。因为市场关注点,已经转换到了「2026 年还能降几次、节奏会不会被迫放缓」。而本周即将公布的两项数据:美国宏观数据非农就业报告数据和 CPI 数据,正是这一预期重新定价的核心变量之一。

随着美国政府结束长期停摆,劳工统计局(BLS)将在本周集中发布 10 月和 11 月的就业数据,其中最受关注的,今晚 21:30 公布的非农就业报告,目前市场给出的预期就业情况并不算乐观。

表面看,这是典型的「利多降息」的数据结构,但问题恰恰在于:如果就业降温过快,美联储是否会担心经济失速,而选择更谨慎地调整政策节奏?一旦就业数据呈现出「断崖式降温」或结构性恶化,美联储反而可能选择观望,而不是顺势加速宽松。

再看 CPI 数据。相比就业数据,12 月 18 日公布的 CPI 数据被市场反复讨论的点是:CPI 是否会给美联储一个「我也得加快缩表」的理由,以对冲日本央行的紧缩?

如果通胀数据出现反弹或黏性增强,美联储即便维持降息立场,也可能通过加快缩表来回收流动性,从而在「名义宽松」与「实际流动性收紧」之间取得平衡。

下一次真正具备确定性的降息,最早也要等到 2026 年 1 月的议息窗口,而时间跨度依然偏远。目前,Polymarket 预测 78% 概率 1 月 28 日维持利率不变,降息预期概率仅为 22%,降息预期的不确定性太大。

此外,本周英国央行与欧洲央行也将相继召开议息会议,讨论各自的货币政策立场。在日本已经率先转向、美国犹豫不前、欧洲与英国观望的格局下,全球货币政策正处在一个高度分化、难以形成合力的阶段。

对比特币而言,这种「不统一的流动性环境」,往往比明确的紧缩更具杀伤力。

矿场关门、老钱持续退场

另外还有一种常见的分析观点是:长期持股者仍然在持续抛售,而本周减持速度愈发加快。

首先就是 ETF 机构的抛售,当日比特币现货 ETF 单日净流出约 3.5 亿美元(约 4,000 枚 BTC),以 Fidelity 的 FBTC 与 Grayscale 的 GBTC/ETHE 为主要流出来源;以太坊 ETF 方面,累计净流出约 6,500 万美元(约 21,000 枚 ETH)。

比如非常有意思的一点是,比特币在美国交易时段的表现相对更疲软。Bespoke Investment 统计的数据表示:「自贝莱德 IBIT 比特币 ETF 开始交易以来,若在收盘后时段持有,收益达 222%,但若仅持有盘中时段,则亏损 40.5%。」

紧接着出现在链上层面的,是更为直接的抛售信号。

12 月 15 日,比特币交易所净流入达到 3,764 BTC(约 3.4 亿美元),创下阶段性高点。其中,仅 Binance 一家的净流入就达到 2,285 BTC,较前一阶段放大约 8 倍,明显指向大户集中充值、准备抛售的行为。

此外,做市商的仓位变化也构成了重要的背景因素。以 Wintermute 为例,其在 11 月下旬至 12 月初期间,累计向交易平台转移超过 15 亿美元 的资产。虽然在 12 月 10 日至 16 日期间,其 BTC 持仓出现 271 枚的净增持,但市场对其大额转移的行为还是有一些恐慌。

而另一方面,长期持有者和矿工层面的抛售也引起了非常大的关注。

链上检测平台 CheckOnChain 监测到了比特币算力出现轮换,这种现象以往常与矿工承压期和流动性紧缩期同时出现。而链上分析师 CryptoCondom 指出:「一位朋友问我矿工和 OG 们是否真的在抛售他们的 BTC。客观答案是肯定的,可以查看 Glassnode 关于矿工净仓位数据及 OG 长期 BTC 持仓情况。」

可以看到 Glassnode 数据显示,过去 6 个月未动过的 OG 们抛售比特币的行为已经持续数月,且在 11 月下旬至 2 月中旬出现明显加速。

再叠加比特币全网算力下跌,截止 12 月 15 日,据 F2pool 数据,比特币全网算力暂报 988.49EH/s,距离上周同一时刻下跌 17.25%。

这些数据,也符合当前「新疆比特币矿场在陆续关机」的传闻背景。现 Nano Labs 创始人及董事长孔剑平也表示比特币近期算力下跌情况,按照(每台机器)平均 250T(算力计算),近期至少 40 万台比特币矿机关机。

综合来看,这轮下跌的因素有:日本央行率先转向紧缩,撬动了日元套利交易的松动;美联储在完成首次降息后,却迟迟无法给出清晰的后续路径,使得市场开始主动下调对 2026 年流动性的预期;而在链上层面,长期持有者、矿工与做市商的行为,则进一步放大了价格对流动性变化的敏感度。

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