玩永续合约,我劝你三思

比推Published on 2025-10-30Last updated on 2025-10-30

来源:Decrypt

作者:Ryan S. Gladwin,Guillermo Jimenez

原标题:Crypto Perps Are Easier to Access Than Ever Before—Is That A Good Thing?

编译及整理:BitpushNews


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永续合约正在席卷加密货币交易圈,成为当下最热门的投资策略。大量交易者正以前所未有的规模涌入这个领域,对高风险资产进行着更高风险的押注。

然而,就在这些投资产品变得触手可及之际——如今只要拥有加密钱包或Telegram账户就能轻松参与——分析师们却发出了警告:这把看似锋利的"双刃剑",正在给整个加密市场带来新的风险。

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作为一类没有固定到期日的衍生品合约,永续合约让投资者能够通过借入资金,使用杠杆来押注比特币等资产的未来价格走势。一旦判断正确,投资者的收益将随着杠杆倍数成倍增长;

若押注错误,您的仓位可能被强平——正如10月10日发生的连锁爆仓,数小时内导致190亿美元纪录规模的资金蒸发。

多年来,这类提供10倍至1001倍杠杆的高风险、高回报交易,通常仅在美国境外的离岸中心化交易所提供。

但如今情况已变,这不仅得益于美国总统特朗普领导下加密行业面临的宽松监管环境,还归因于Hyperliquid等去中心化交易方案的崛起,它们允许全球任何拥有加密钱包的用户参与。

热门加密钱包MetaMaskPhantom现已通过Hyperliquid将永续合约交易直接集成至其移动端和浏览器应用中。Hyperliquid是一个专注于永续合约、拥有专属区块链的去中心化交易所。这意味着数百万新用户得以接触这一先前高度受限的交易产品,且无需在中心化交易所开户或提供个人身份信息。

DefiLlama数据,永续合约交易已占Phantom年化总收入1.95亿美元的16%,以及MetaMask 8100万美元收入的6%——尽管这两款钱包分别于今年7月和10月才推出该功能。

Telegram迷你应用Blum亦开始提供高达100倍杠杆的永续合约,该公司预测到2026年初,此类交易将占其总交易量的80%。MetaMask同样对此机遇充满热情。

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"我们看到了卓越的早期增长势头,"MetaMask高级产品总监Mike Lwin向Decrypt表示,"永续合约是我们的重点方向,更广泛地说,交易是MetaMask未来发展的核心。"

据DefiLlama统计,永续合约今年已成为加密行业的重要业务,过去30天内生成超过1.27万亿美元的交易量。专注于永续合约的去中心化交易所(如Hyperliquid和Aster)尤其成功,因为它们降低了参与门槛。

但更低的门槛也带来了更广泛、经验更不足的用户群体,他们可能不了解这些产品的运作方式及相关风险。

Blum联合创始人Gleb Kostarev向Decrypt透露,其在X和Telegram上的大量关注者并不清楚自动减仓机制的定义、运作原理或其风险暴露——这是永续合约交易所的基础风控机制,用于降低交易所风险。

"这个例子实际表明许多用户并未深入了解这些产品的细节,"Kostarev解释道,"让他们理解这一点至关重要,我们需要加强用户教育。用户应当对市场动态、潜在变化及风险形成清晰认知。"

Blum正尝试通过社交媒体渠道教育用户。然而与中心化交易所不同,Blum及其类似应用并未要求用户在交易前通过风险评估测试或证明其理解永续合约与杠杆的基础知识。

Phantom在用户打开永续合约产品时,会在钱包内通过简明的引导流程介绍合约交易、杠杆与清算机制。MetaMask在用户首次使用该功能时也提供了多步骤教程。

市场分析师此前曾警告Decrypt,永续合约的普及与杠杆服务的竞争可能正在加密市场内滋生系统性风险。本月初曾创下单日190亿美元杠杆仓位清算的历史纪录。

Messari研究分析师Matthew Nay向Decrypt表示,钱包和通讯应用新增永续合约功能对系统性风险仅有"边际"影响,因为主要风险来自持有数百万乃至数十亿杠杆仓位的巨鲸。

Blum的Kostarev指出,提供高杠杆旨在吸引零售用户而非巨鲸。作为Telegram迷你应用,Blum的目标用户是行业新手及发展中国家群体,这也是其界面设计简化以便新交易者使用的原因。

MetaMask的Lwin认为降低永续合约参与门槛能让加密"解锁更庞大的用户群体",从而"深化流动性、收窄价差"并"加速"用户从中心化产品向去中心化产品迁移。

但Messari的Nay称这种低门槛为"双刃剑":一方面让零售交易者接触"仅能通过加密实现的创新工具",但若教育不足导致新用户蒙受损失,也可能"劝退部分交易者"。

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Amberdata衍生品总监Gregoire Magadini在接受Decrypt采访时直言,永续合约这类产品正好迎合了那些习惯"一键下单、放任不管"的交易者,而高杠杆仓位恰恰最忌讳这种操作模式。

他尖锐地指出,被动型投资者如果贸然使用永续合约,很可能正在犯下一个"致命错误"——因为这类高杠杆策略需要的是持续盯盘和主动风险管理,而非被动持有。

"杠杆交易必须设定明确的盈利目标和止损线,需要实时数据监控和风险预警系统的支撑,才能有效控制风险,"Magadini提醒道,"虽然降低交易门槛确实推动了创新(比如Robinhood在期权交易上的成功),但对于刚入门的新手,我的建议很明确:入市前,请先做好功课。"


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