黄金、比特币双双创出历史新高,美国政府关门刺激“美元贬值交易”

华尔街日报Опубликовано 2025-10-06Обновлено 2025-10-06

随着投资者对美国财政前景和美元价值的担忧加剧,一种旨在对冲美元贬值的“贬值交易”正成为今年最受欢迎的投资主题之一,推动黄金和比特币价格双双升至历史高位。

美国联邦政府自上周三开始部分关门,进一步刺激了这一交易。6日周一,现货黄金上破3900美元/盎司关口,日内涨幅0.35%,再创历史新高。距离首次突破3800美元关口仅不到10天。与此同时,比特币在5日最高触及125689美元,超越此前8月14日创下的124514美元纪录。

而作为衡量美元对六种主要货币的ICE美元指数(DXY)周五下跌0.1%,年内累计跌幅已达约10%。投资者正加速远离美元等法定货币,转向被视为价值储存手段的替代资产。

这种“贬值交易”策略在2024年美国总统大选前夕开始受到散户投资者的青睐。分析人士认为,无论此次政府关门是短暂还是持续数周,由于其背后的结构性因素,该交易在未来仍有进一步上升的空间。

美元“贬值交易”的背后逻辑

“贬值交易”的核心是广泛分散投资,从美元等法定货币转向其他资产。该交易的动力来自几个长期因素,包括对长期通胀和美国财政政策轨迹的不确定性、对美联储独立性的担忧,以及主要经济体普遍存在持续高额赤字的前景。

Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Co.的首席股票投资组合经理Matt Stucky表示:

“‘贬值交易’今年表现出强劲势头,黄金和比特币等资产创造了可观的回报。实际利率下降以及在通胀持续高企的情况下美联储重启降息,为这轮上涨增添了额外的催化剂。”

美国政府自周三开始关门,这一事件成为推动比特币价格突破的关键因素。投资者在国会议员未能就联邦资金达成协议后,纷纷转向去中心化资产寻求避险。

Kendrick指出,比特币在本轮政府关门期间的表现与2018年12月至2019年1月期间截然不同。他表示:

"在上次特朗普时期的政府关门期间,比特币处在不同的位置,因此表现平平。然而,今年比特币已与美国政府风险形成交易关联,这在其与美国国债期限溢价的关系中得到最好体现。"

尽管历史数据显示,政府关门期间“贬值交易”并非总会加速,但分析师认为,此次事件是更深层次问题的体现。Matt Stucky在一封邮件中向MarketWatch表示,当前的政府关门是“政治体系持续失能的又一个数据点”。他补充说:

“这种失能已导致联邦赤字持续远超经济扩张时期的正常水平。高赤字和不断增长的政府债务是两党合作数十年带来的后果,成为‘贬值交易’的额外推力。”

宾夕法尼亚州Muhlenkamp & Co.的资深基金经理Jeff Muhlenkamp也认为,政府关门在宏观背景下只是一个“小插曲”,美国面临的真正问题是更长期的结构性问题。

分析师看涨前景:黄金或破4000美元

市场对黄金和比特币的看涨情绪正在升温。花旗银行分析师Alex Saunders表示,比特币如今被视为一种“数字黄金”,这有助于解释二者价格走势的相关性。基于投资者持续的需求,他给出了比特币12个月内达到181000美元的目标价。

不过,咨询公司总裁、TCW Group前首席全球策略师Komal Sri-Kumar更倾向于通过黄金视角看待这一交易。他认为,黄金已存在数百年,而比特币作为一种新型资产能否经受市场波动仍是未知数。在他看来,全球范围内的关税政策和经济放缓前景正在侵蚀各种货币的价值,使得黄金极具吸引力。他预测:

“到今年年底,金价将明确突破4000美元。”

基金经理Jeff Muhlenkamp也表达了对美元的长期担忧。他指出,美国目前相当于GDP 6%至6.5%的赤字规模已亮起红灯。他的公司因此在过去几年将黄金持仓比例提高到18%。Muhlenkamp认为,解决债务问题需要赤字占GDP比重下降1.5%至2%,而这在未来几年内不太可能发生。他表示:

“我认为我们甚至还没有开始减少实际的债务负担,现在还为时过早。我们还有很长的路要走。”

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