战争如何影响比特币?五年价格轨迹深度解析

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-06-21Last updated on 2025-06-21

Abstract

从乌克兰到伊朗,地缘政治下的比特币的投资逻辑和角色演变。

2025 年 6 月 13 日凌晨,以色列方面发起了“狮子崛起行动”,袭击了伊朗多个城市、军事基地以及核设施。近日,伊朗最大加密交易所 Nobitex 遭遇以色列黑客攻击,造成数千万美元稳定币损失。比特币在硝烟中悄然波动,一路上涨接近 11 万美元后再次下跌。从 2020 年至 2025 年间发生的多场重大战争冲突中,我们可以观察到比特币价格对地缘政治事件的敏感性反应。本文将深入分析近五年来主要战争冲突对比特币价格走势的影响,以及过往战争结束后加密市场的恢复轨迹。

俄乌冲突的分水岭时刻

俄乌冲突于 2022 年 2 月 24 日全面爆发,外界猜测俄罗斯资金将流向例如比特币等的加密货币,比特币的价格飙升了 20% ,一度突破 4.5 万美元。同一时刻,俄罗斯寡头试图通过比特币转移被冻结的资产,似乎印证着加密货币的“危机价值”。

然而长期来看,当战争推高欧洲天然气价格至历史峰值,美联储被迫开启四十年来最激进加息,比特币在 2022 年上演 65% 的崩盘。虽然这种下跌不能完全归因于战争,但地缘政治不确定性无疑加剧了市场的悲观情绪。

战争如何影响比特币?五年价格轨迹深度解析

数据来源:bitscrunch.com

有趣的是,战争的持续性反而为比特币提供了新的叙事支撑。乌克兰政府通过加密货币筹集了数百万美元的捐款,凸显了数字货币在传统金融体系受限情况下的独特价值。同时,面对西方制裁,俄罗斯也在一定程度上转向加密货币作为规避制裁的工具,这进一步强化了比特币作为替代性金融工具的地位。

值得注意的是, 2014 年时,比特币在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后陷入了长期熊市。然而,到了 2022 年,比特币已经发展成为一个更大、更强、更被机构投资者接受的资产类别。

以色列战争的市场考验

2023 年 10 月 7 日,以色列-加沙冲突战争爆发。10 月 11 日,根据 bitsCrunch 数据,比特币跌破 27000 美元,创下自 9 月以来的新低,交易员普遍将此归因于中东冲突对投资者情绪的负面影响。2023 年加沙冲突期间,USDT 转账量周增 440% ,稳定币正成为新基础设施。

自以色列-哈马斯冲突开始以来,数字资产价格并未出现显著波动。这种相对稳定性反映了加密货币市场对地缘政治事件敏感性的降低。

伊朗以色列冲突

2024 年 4 月伊朗以色列冲突下,导弹袭击当日,比特币波动率仅± 3% ,不足 2022 年俄乌开战时的 1/3 。贝莱德 ETF 单日净流入$ 4.2 亿,形成波动缓冲垫。现货 ETF 日均交易量占比达 55% ,战争情绪被机构订单流稀释。

bitsCrunch 的数据显示,即使在目前以色列对伊朗发动空袭等重大地缘政治事件中,比特币市场也并未出现恐慌模式。虽然比特币在 2025 年 6 月战争初始 24 小时内下跌了 4.5% 至 104343 美元,以太坊跌了 8.2% 至 2552 美元,但这种跌幅相对于事件的严重性来说仍然是可控的,显示出了较强的韧性。

然而,根据地缘政治风险 (GPR) 指数,我们发现,目前来说,指数呈现上升趋势,约为 158 左右。此前超过 150 的时间节点还是 2024 年初的时候。这个指数由 Dario Caldara 和 Matteo Iacoviello 构建。地缘政治风险 (GPR) 指数在两次世界大战前后、朝鲜战争初期、古巴导弹危机期间以及“ 9 · 11 ”事件后达到峰值。地缘政治风险越高,投资、股价和就业率就越低。地缘政治风险越高,发生经济灾难的概率也就越高,全球经济的下行风险也就越大。

战争如何影响比特币?五年价格轨迹深度解析

数据来源:bitscrunch.com

观察资本逻辑的最佳窗口

停火协议签署的时刻,往往是观察资本逻辑的最佳窗口。2020 年 11 月纳卡战争落幕,比特币在随后 30 天近乎翻倍。这场高加索小国的领土争端之所以引爆加密市场,核心在于战争未改变全球宽松基调,美联储每月 1200 亿美元的购债计划持续灌溉风险资产。与之形成镜像的是 2022 年 3 月俄乌谈判,短暂的停火希望被美联储加息 50 个基点的预告击碎,比特币应声下 12% 。

战争如何影响比特币?五年价格轨迹深度解析

数据来源:bitscrunch.com

2023 年 11 月巴以临时停火当天,加密衍生品市场爆仓 2.1 亿美元。埃及场外交易所 BTC 兑埃镑汇率溢价从 8.2% 降至 2.1% ,战乱地区需求逐渐退潮。战争叙事很快便被 ETF 审批、减半周期等原生叙事覆盖。2025 年 1 月 15 日,以色列和哈马斯同意达成停战和交换战俘的提议。随后比特币直线上涨,再次突破 10 万美元后下跌。中东冲突期间的市场表现促使人们重新审视比特币的避险资产属性——比特币和以太坊还不能被视为黄金市场的安全避险资产。

进入机构时代

数字资产的战争价值并未消失,而是在场景化重构。乌克兰政府收到的 1.27 亿美元加密捐款,占其早期国际援助的 6.5% ;加沙地下网络通过比特币矿机维持通信网络;伊朗石油商利用混币器突破制裁...这些边缘地带的真实应用,正在形成与华尔街并行不悖的暗线生态。当主流市场关注 ETF 资金流时,战乱地区的对加密货币的需求成为观察数字资产的新指标。

当前加密市场已形成清晰的战争响应机制:原油价格触发通胀警报,VIX 恐慌指数,以及 Deribit 上未平仓合约等。bitsCrunch 数据显示,地缘冲突释放的避险资金中最终流入加密领域的不足 5% ,这个数字在 ETF 时代可能进一步萎缩。

真正的转折点在于货币政策。当美联储降息通道打开,停火协议签署将成为资本涌入的加速器。2025 年 6 月 18 日,美国利率期货价格反映美联储 9 月降息概率为 71% ,声明发布前为 60% , 9 月降息概率小幅升高。但若战争引发能源供应链断裂,即便战事平息,滞胀阴影仍将压制加密市场。关注美联储利率依旧是重中之重。

战后的加密市场恢复模式

从已结束的冲突来看,战争的结束通常会带来市场信心的逐步恢复。对于比特币市场而言,和平进程的推进通常会减少地缘政治风险溢价,使得投资者更愿意承担风险。这种风险偏好的回升往往有利于比特币等风险资产的价格表现。

如果比特币在战争期间表现出了良好的抗风险能力,机构投资者可能会增加其在投资组合中的权重。相反,如果表现不佳,则可能面临资金流出的压力。从近期的表现来看,比特币在地缘政治危机中的相对稳定性可能会提升其在机构投资者心目中的地位。

结语

展望未来,随着技术的不断进步和监管框架的逐步完善,比特币等加密货币有望在全球金融体系中扮演更加重要的角色。虽然短期内仍可能面临各种挑战和波动,但其作为数字时代重要金融工具的地位已经得到了初步确立。

在这个充满不确定性的时代,比特币等数字资产正在重新定义我们对货币、价值储存和金融系统的理解。虽然道路可能充满挑战,但这种变革的历史意义和潜在价值不容忽视。

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