AI 让人更有价值?普华永道最新报告揭示 AI 的 6 大误区

深潮Published on 2025-06-12Last updated on 2025-06-12

‍‍‍‍AI 正在创造就业机会。

来源:CNBC

编译:MetaverseHub

专业服务公司普华永道(PwC)的最新研究发现,尽管人们普遍担忧人工智能会通过自动化取代工作、削减员工薪资,但事实上,AI 让人类「更有价值,而非更少价值」。

普华永道全球 AI 首席执行官 Joe Atkinson 表示:「人们在这一环境中产生焦虑的原因在于技术创新的速度。现实是,技术革新正以前所未有的节奏推进。」

Atkinson 提到:「报告实际上表明,AI 正在创造就业机会。」

普华永道英国全球首席商务官 Carol Stubbings 指出:「我们知道,每次工业革命创造的就业机会都多于流失的岗位。挑战在于,新岗位所需的技能可能与旧岗位大不相同。」

根据《2025 年 AI 就业晴雨表》,几乎所有 「AI 相关职业」,即包含可由 AI 技术处理任务的岗位,包括客服人员、软件程序员等高度自动化岗位的就业数量和薪资都在增长。

Stubbings 表示:「每次我们进行工业革命时,创造的就业机会都多于失去的就业机会。我们认为,挑战不在于没有工作,而在于劳动者需要做好准备以胜任新岗位。」

该报告分析了全球六大洲超 8 亿条招聘广告和数千份企业财务报告,破除了关于 AI 影响的六大常见误区。

生产力

误区:AI 尚未对生产力产生重大影响。

然而,该报告发现,2022 年以来,「最适合采用 AI」 的行业生产力增长近四倍,而 AI 渗透率最低的行业(如物理治疗)生产力略有下降。普华永道数据显示,AI 高渗透行业(如软件出版)的人均收入增长速度是其他行业的三倍。

薪资

误区:AI 会削弱劳动者薪资水平与议价能力。

普华永道的数据显示,与同一职业中没有这些技能的工人相比,拥有 AI 技能的劳动者的工资平均高出 56%,高于去年的 25%。此外,与受 AI 影响最小的行业相比,最容易受到 AI 影响的行业的工资增长速度是其两倍。

就业数量

误区:AI 可能导致岗位减少。

报告发现,虽然 2019 年至 2024 年期间,AI 低渗透职业的就业增长达 65%,而即便在 AI 高渗透职业中,就业增长也保持强劲(38%)。

不平等

误区:AI 会加剧机会与薪资的不平等。

与担心人工智能会加剧不平等相反,报告结果显示,可通过该技术增加和自动化的工作的工资和就业率正在上升。

报告指出,AI 相关岗位对正规学历的要求下降更快,为「数百万人」创造了更广泛的机会。

技能

误区:AI 会让自动化岗位 「去技能化」。

该报告发现,相反,AI 可以将员工从繁琐的任务中解放出来,练习更复杂的技能和决策,从而丰富可自动化的工作。例如,根据普华永道的说法,数据输入员可以演变成「更高价值」的角色,例如数据分析师。

自动化

误区:AI 会贬低高度自动化岗位的价值。

数据显示,高度自动化岗位的薪资不仅在上涨,技术还在将这些岗位重塑得更 「复杂且富有创造性」,最终让人类更具价值。

AI 助力就业温和增长?

研究还提出另一视角:在许多国家劳动年龄人口下降的背景下,AI 相关职业的「温和就业增长」甚至可能带来帮助。

Atkinson 表示,AI 带来的生产力提升能对现有劳动力产生「乘数效应」,填补企业原本无法满足的岗位缺口,同时推动业务增长。

「我们从生产力数据中已看到这一趋势,这绝对且必将是一件好事。」

报告最终强调,AI 应被视为「增长战略,而非效率战略」。企业不应仅用 AI 削减人力成本,而应帮助员工适应变化,共同创造新机会、开拓新市场与收入来源。

报告指出:「避免陷入低目标陷阱至关重要。与其局限于自动化旧岗位,不如创造未来的新职业与新产业。」

「如果更灵活地运用 AI,它可能催生大量新岗位与商业模式。例如,如今美国 2/3 的工作在 1940 年尚未出现,而其中许多新岗位正是由技术进步催生的。」

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