观点:为什么应看好加密市场的中长期走势?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-04-11Last updated on 2025-04-11

Abstract

预计在6月之前,美联储将降息,随后是美国股市和加密市场触底反弹。

原文作者:DeFi Cheetah, 加密 KOL

原文编译:Felix, PANews

正如之前所预测的,美国股市至少会出现 20% 的回调,将比特币价格拉回至 5 万美元左右。第一个目标已达成:由于特朗普对许多其他国家实施更严厉的关税,美国股市在 VIX 指数约为 55 的情况下进行了 20% 的回调。比特币价格一度跌至 7.4 万美元,比根据历史价格走势所预期的更具弹性。

接下来,预计在 6 月之前,美联储将降息,随后是美国股市和加密市场触底反弹。事实上,特朗普刚刚明确要求美联储主席鲍威尔降息。本文将详细解释为什么特朗普对降息如此偏执,以及为什么看好加密市场。

高利率带来的两个紧迫问题

未来几个月有两个问题迫使美联储必须大幅降息。首先,今年价值 9 万亿美元国债的「到期墙」(注:Maturity Wall,指整体债券市场的到期时间表)迫使特朗普政府竭尽全力寻求降息,以节省数万亿美元的再融资成本。然而在美联储看来,当前的通胀水平没有留下快速降息的空间。因此,对于特朗普政府那些看似不合理的激进政策和措施(如关税、设立 DOGE 等),最好的解释是它们构成了一个协同机制,试图利用宏观不确定性倒逼美联储降息。否则,美国政府在展期后将不得不支付至少 3-4 倍的利息。事实上,两年期短期国债收益率一直在下降,反映了市场的避险情绪和资金流入国债。

观点:为什么应看好加密市场的中长期走势?

在特朗普政府眼中,降息的紧迫性可以用下图来解释:

观点:为什么应看好加密市场的中长期走势?

事实上,衡量美国国债市场利率波动性的美林期权波动率预估指数(MOVE)飙升,可以进一步证明美联储降息的可能性。该指数被视为美国国债期限溢价(即长期债券和短期债券之间的收益率利差)的代表。随着该指数的上涨,任何从事美国国债或公司债融资交易的人都将被迫因更高的保证金要求而卖出。如果 MOVE 指数持续上涨,尤其是高于 140 ,可能表明市场极不稳定,并可能迫使美联储通过降息来稳定国债和公司债券市场,因为这些市场对金融体系的正常运转至关重要。(注:MOVE 指数上一次飙升至 140 以上是由于硅谷银行倒闭——这是自 2008 年以来规模最大的银行倒闭事件。)

观点:为什么应看好加密市场的中长期走势?

未来几个月大幅降息的第二个原因也是由于「到期墙」,但这次指的是今年到期的超过 5000 亿美元的美国商业地产(CRE)贷款。许多 CRE 贷款此前在疫情期间以较低利率承销,在利率持续走高的环境下面临再融资挑战,可能导致违约率上升,特别对于杠杆率过高的房地产。尤其是居家办公日益盛行,引发了结构性变化,导致疫情后房屋空置率居高不下。事实上,潜在的 CRE 贷款大规模违约可能导致 MOVE 指数飙升。

2024 年第四季度,CRE 贷款拖欠率为 1.57% ,高于 2023 年第四季度的 1.17% 。历史数据表明,高于 1.5% 的利率令人担忧,尤其是在货币紧缩的环境下。与此同时,由于空置率高达 20% ,资本化率不断上升(约为 7-8% ),以及大量贷款到期,写字楼的价值较峰值下跌了 31% ,违约风险也随之上升。

观点:为什么应看好加密市场的中长期走势?

这里的逻辑是:高空置率会降低净营业收入(NOI),降低债务偿还率(DSCR)和债务收益率,但会提高资本化率。高利率会加剧这种情况,特别是对于 2025 年到期的贷款,以更高的利率进行再融资可能难以为继。因此,如果商业地产贷款不能以类似于疫情期间的合理低利率进行再融资,银行必然会有更多的坏账,这反过来可能会引发「多米诺骨牌」效应,更多银行倒闭(回想一下 2023 年利率飙升导致硅谷银行等银行倒闭的严重程度)。

鉴于当前高利率引发的这两个紧迫问题,特朗普政府必须采取激进措施,尽快降息。否则,这些债务必须展期,美国政府将面临更高的再融资成本,而许多商业地产贷款可能无法展期,并造成大量坏账。

推动下轮牛市的催化剂——稳定币

对加密市场影响最大的是市场流动性。但对流动性影响最大的因素是(i)货币政策和(ii)稳定币的普及程度。在鸽派(温和)货币政策的推动下,稳定币的普及可以进一步催化牛市中的资本流入。牛市的上涨空间取决于稳定币总供应量的增加。在上一轮牛市(2019 年 - 2022 年)中,稳定币总供应量从低谷到峰值增长了 10 倍,而从 2023 年到 2025 年初仅增长了约 100% ,如下图所示。

观点:为什么应看好加密市场的中长期走势?

下面重点关注预示未来 1 年稳定币采用率快速增长的事件:

  • 美国稳定币立法进展: 2025 年第一季度,参议院银行委员会于 3 月批准了《稳定币法案》(GENIUS Act),该法案概述了稳定币发行人的监管和储备规则。该法案旨在将稳定币纳入主流金融体系,反映出人们日益认可其在加密市场中的作用。此外,美国众议院金融服务委员会通过了一项稳定币框架法案——《稳定币法案》(STABLE Act),该法案规定,任何非银行机构只要获得联邦监管机构的批准,都可以发行稳定币。监管透明度一直被认为是影响稳定币采用的最重要因素,从而影响资本通过稳定币流入加密行业。

  • 加速机构采用:富达投资于 3 月下旬开始测试与美元挂钩的稳定币,标志着这家传统金融巨头进军加密领域迈出了重要一步。与此同时,怀俄明州宣布计划在 7 月前推出一种由州政府支持的稳定币,旨在成为美国实体发行的首个由法币支持、完全储备的代币。

  • World Liberty Financial 稳定币:与特朗普相关的 World Liberty Financial 于 3 月 25 日宣布,计划推出与美元挂钩的稳定币 USD 1 ,此前该公司通过单独的代币销售筹集了 5 亿美元。此举符合特朗普政府支持稳定币作为加密货币交易关键基础设施的政策。

  • USDC 拓展至日本: 3 月 26 日,Circle 与 SBI Holdings 合作在日本推出了 USDC,使其成为首个在日本监管框架下正式获准使用的稳定币。此举体现了日本在将稳定币纳入其金融体系方面的积极态度,或成为其他国家的表率。

  • PayPal 和 Gemini 推进稳定币发展:在整个第一季度,PayPal 和 Gemini 巩固了其在稳定币市场的地位。PayPal 的 PYUSD 和 Gemini 的 GUSD 的采用率有所提升,PayPal 利用其支付网络,而 Gemini 则专注于机构客户。这加剧了美国稳定币发行商市场的竞争。

  • 薪资平台 Rise 的更多用例: 3 月 24 日,薪资平台 Rise 扩展了其服务范围,为 190 多个国家的国际承包商提供稳定币支付。雇主可以用稳定币支付工资,员工可以用当地货币提现。

  • Circle 的 IPO:Circle 已提交 IPO 申请。如果获得批准,Circle 将成为首个在纽约证券交易所上市的稳定币发行商。这将标志着稳定币业务在美国的正式地位,并激励更多企业探索该领域,尤其是大型机构,因为稳定币业务更多地依赖于机构资源、分销渠道和业务发展。

特朗普政府为何如此积极地支持稳定币的发展?这与第一部分的观点一致:流通中的稳定币的抵押品主要是短期美国国债,因此,随着美国政府今年将数万亿美元的到期国债展期,稳定币越普及,短期国债的需求就越高。

市场方向很明确:短期内,可能会经历市场动荡,波动性较大,甚至可能从当前水平进一步下跌。但从中期来看,预计在鸽派货币政策的背景下,大幅降息,加上稳定币的普及,可能会引发另一轮强劲的牛市,其规模可与上一轮周期相媲美。

当下正接近通过投资加密市场获得良好回报的理想时机。

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