改变全球市场的18小时,发生了什么?

Foresight NewsPublished on 2025-04-10Last updated on 2026-07-03

Abstract

特朗普表示,过去几天来一直在考虑改变路线,最终决定「可能是在今天清晨得出的」。

撰文:李笑寅

来源:华尔街见闻

特朗普 180 度转弯,部分撤回了关税政策,这其中发生了什么?

因市场担忧和多方施压,据上证报消息,美东时间 4 月 9 日美股盘中,美国总统特朗普在社交平台发帖表示,已授权对部分国家实施 90 天的关税暂停措施,在此期间大幅降低关税至 10%。

美股应声飙涨,三大美股股指的涨幅迅速扩大,尾盘纳指的涨幅扩大到 10% 以上,标普 500 涨超 9%,道指涨近 3000 点、涨近 8%。

面对市场的强劲反弹,特朗普随后在其社交媒体平台 Truth Social 上发文称:「我猜他们会说这是金融史上最重要的一天」。

和此前坚决的态度相比,特朗普此次的让步是一个令人震惊的转变,此前的数天里,特朗普的助手们一直在辩称,他正在寻求重塑全球经济。

从周二晚间到周三下午的关键时刻

从本周二晚间到周三下午,特朗普和他的贸易顾问们与几位共和党议员和顶级外国领导人通话,后者对全球市场的动荡和对全球性衰退的日益担忧表示关切,敦促他采取行动。

据媒体汇编信息,这 18 小时内,特朗普的公开活动如下:

周二晚上,在福克斯新闻 Sean Hannity 的 9 点节目结束后,特朗普与节目中的一组共和党参议员进行了超过一小时的电话交谈,一些参议员表达了对关税的担忧。(相关阅读:为打关税战,特朗普一周亏了5亿多美元

当日晚上,特朗普表示,关注到了债券市场上的不安情绪。

周三早间,特朗普在白宫会见了参议院多数党领袖 John Thune,并与瑞士总统 Karin Keller-Sutter 进行了 25 分钟的通话,就关税政策进行了谈判。

上午 8 时,特朗普观看了摩根大通首席执行官 Jamie Dimon 在的新闻采访。Dimon 在节目上警告称,考虑到经济不确定性,衰退是一个「可能的结果」。

上午 9 时 33 分,特朗普在 Truth Social 上发文,让大家「保持冷静」,随后补充称「现在是买入的好时机」。

与此同时,美国商务部长卢特尼克接到了欧盟最高贸易官员 Maros Sefcovic 的电话,欧盟当天批准了针对美国钢铝关税的反制措施。

到周三中午时分,卢特尼克已经和美国财政部长贝森特坐在白宫椭圆形办公室,与特朗普开始商议最新的关税政策。

下午 1 时 18 分,特朗普在 Truth Social 上宣告了关税暂缓的相关决定。

这一突然转向甚至让一些高级别官员措手不及。特朗普发布帖子后,其助手们立即起身商议如何继续,贝森特和白宫新闻秘书莱维特迅速召开了新闻发布会。

宣布关税暂缓后,特朗普对记者表示,他在过去几天来一直在考虑改变路线,最终决定「可能是在今天清晨得出的」。

转变来的太突然,白宫内部似乎仍有分歧

尽管官方声称团结一致,但白宫内部似乎存在不同的声音。

在特朗普宣布后,白宫助手们聚集讨论特朗普新构想计划的事实和要点。但在事后,白宫工作人员对新安排的关键细节仍不清楚。

特朗普长期的贸易顾问彼得·纳瓦罗曾敦促特朗普推行激进的关税政策,但在新闻发布会上他并未被提及。

但据报道,在特朗普宣布这一消息后不久,纳瓦罗接受采访表示,他和团队之间合作良好,并声称他没有被边缘化。

当特朗普在椭圆形办公室与记者交谈时,他坦白了他更广泛的策略,表示很多时候,直到谈判结束才算是谈判。

虽然市场反应兴奋,有「美国高通胀吹哨人」之称的前美国财长萨默斯表示,远远没有脱离险境,鲁莽地「即兴表演」并非什么有用的策略,多个市场崩塌之后,特朗普政府现在受到惊吓:

就连他们的新政,关税也接近《斯穆特 - 霍利关税法》的水平,中产阶级家庭将因此损失近 2000 美元。我们还远未摆脱困境。信誉已经丧失殆尽。要心存畏惧。

(美国)政府周末还在吹嘘想谈判的国家。当时根本没有推迟谈判。现在市场崩溃后,他们理所当然地感到害怕。这是不计后果的即兴发挥,并非战略,而且完全不诚实。

霸凌者退缩。

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