【大事将至】不只是关税,还有一件大事正进行,未来数月将影响全球市场

华尔街见闻Published on 2025-04-07Last updated on 2026-07-04

Abstract

减税规模与债务融资的不确定性将决定债券市场走向,不同情境下美债收益率差异可达60个基点。此外一旦债务上限通过,美债基差交易规模或引发市场流动性风险。同时,这也会增加美国未来不得不采取更多非传统政策措施的可能性,包括此前市热议的"海湖庄园协议"。

就在全球市场还在消化美国大规模关税政策时,特朗普政府又悄然推进了另一个财政动作,将在未来数月内显著影响全球金融市场。

周六凌晨,美国参议院经过通宵达旦的"马拉松式"投票,以51-48的微弱优势通过了一项名为“预算协调(budget reconciliation)”的议案。

这项预算决议最大的战略意义在于解锁了"预算协调"机制,这将允许共和党人绕过参议院的"冗长辩论"(filibuster)规则。通过这一程序,共和党可以在没有民主党支持的情况下,仅以简单多数通过特朗普的税收、边境安全和军事优先事项法案。

这项预算决议的通过,标志着特朗普政府减税议程迈出了关键一步,但国会两院之间仍存在重大分歧,特别是在如何支付减税和削减支出的深度上,此外参议院还计划将美国债务上限提高5万亿美元。

分析指出,减税规模与债务融资的不确定性将决定债券市场走向,不同情境下美债收益率差异可达60个基点。此外一旦债务上限通过,美债基差交易规模或引发市场流动性风险。

同时,这也会增加美国未来不得不采取更多非传统政策措施的可能性,包括此前市热议的"海湖庄园协议"。

巨额减税规模与债务上限提升

参议院通过的这项预算协调案包含高达5万亿美元的减税计划,其中包括延续2017年特朗普税改政策(原定于今年年底到期)以及额外1.5万亿美元的新减税措施。

与此同时,参议院版本的计划还将美国债务上限提高了5万亿美元。如果不提高债务上限,据国会预算办公室预测,美国可能在今年8月或9月突破债务上限,这将导致美国政府无法发行新债,无法支付包括债券持有人在内的各种账单。

然而,众议院版本与参议院版本在关键细节上存在显著分歧:

众议院仅设置了4.5万亿美元的减税规模

参议院仅计划削减约40亿美元支出,而众议院则寻求削减至少1.5万亿美元支出

众议院版本包括指示能源和商业委员会削减8,800亿美元开支,引发了可能严重影响医疗补助计划的担忧

减税规模与债务融资的不确定性将决定债券市场走向

德意志银行高级经济学家Peter Sidorov在最新的研究中指出,目前宣布的关税措施已经构成了美国50年来最大规模的税收增加(以GDP百分比计算)。然而,即使每年3000亿至5000亿美元的关税收入,也只能填补美国2024年联邦预算赤字(接近GDP的7%,约2万亿美元)的五分之一左右。

德银行强调,是否存在财政抵消措施来减轻关税的影响,将对市场的不同影响。他们指出,关税下美国10年期国债收益率的潜在情景差异可达60个基点(0.6%)。

未来财政决策的宽松程度将直接影响美国期限溢价的上行空间:如果减税幅度过大且无相应支出削减,美国国债融资将面临严峻挑战,并可能推高长期利率。同时,这也会增加美国未来不得不采取更多非传统政策措施的可能性,包括部分投资者所担心的"海湖庄园协议"。

美债基差交易规模或引发市场流动性风险

更令人担忧的是,技术层面上看,自2022年美联储缩表以来,美国对冲基金(尤其是多策略平台基金)成为美债最大的边际买家。他们并非出于看多美债,而是在进行美债基差套利交易:同时做多美债现券、做空美债期货,赚取期限价差。

这些对冲基金往往在回购市场加杠杆买入美债现券以增厚收益。据估计,该交易规模可能已达到2019年下半年历史高点的近两倍,而2020年3月全球金融市场震荡的导火索正是当时史高规模基差套利交易的意外平仓。

一旦债务上限问题解决,美国财政部将补发之前受债务上限限制而未能发行的大量美债。若没有债务重组,债券供应激增可能引发市场波动率上升,触发上述套利交易平仓,进而引发美国股债汇"三杀"风险。

海湖庄园协议走进现实?

在减税规模巨大且关税战扰动全球贸易的背景下,美国政府可能需要进一步采取非常规措施来管理激增的债务。

正如华尔街见闻此前文章《全球资本流向大变局:从“拜登大循环”到“特朗普大重置”》中提及,如果债务问题恶化,所谓的"海湖庄园协议"可能从理论走向实践。该协议可能包括将部分美国国债转换为长期零息债券,甚至对国债进行某种形式的重组。

同时,美联储可能被迫重新考虑量化宽松(QE)或收益率曲线控制(YCC)等非常规货币政策工具,以应对债务压力和市场波动。

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

Trading

Spot

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

582 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片