动态NFT、及其十大应用场景T、及其十大应用场景

SupraOracles Published on 2022-06-16Last updated on 2022-06-16

Abstract

动态NFT(dNFT)包含智能合约,能在保留NFT唯一标识性的同时更新元数据,它拥有着许多振奋人心的用例,深刻地影响着我们的数字体验。

动态NFT(dNFT)包含智能合约,能在保留NFT唯一标识性的同时更新元数据,它拥有着许多振奋人心的用例,深刻地影响着我们的数字体验。

01

什么是动态NFT

在讲动态NFT之前,我们先提一下静态NFT。静态NFT,是我们常见的NFT形式,即非同质化通证(non-fungibletoken),是一种ERC721通证。静态NFT的关键创新之处在于提供了一种标记原生数字资产所有权的方法,艺术、知识产权、房地产等都可以通过NFT去证明它的唯一性、不可分割性和真实时间戳。市场上围绕数字所有权的NFT玩法也被发挥得淋漓尽致,像头像、图片、艺术画作、游戏道具、虚拟地产、音乐专辑等等。

随着我们对NFT的应用尝试不同领域的探索,逐渐发现现实世界中,许多资产都需要随着时间更新数据,而静态NFT因为运行在确定的区块链环境中,无法根据现实世界的数据而作出相应的改变,其局限跟缺点也显示出来了。举例来说,你在玩区块链游戏时,随着不断升级,你会希望NFT中的元数据即时发生变化以反映成长。又或者代表个人财产的NFT,房子的价值需要不断更新以反映其持有时间、市场价值、交易数据…等。因此,动态NFT就应运而生了。

动态NFT,即dNFT(DynamicNon-FungibleToken),顾名思义是一种提供动态特征的NFT形式。动态NFT中包含智能合约,可根据外部条件触发智能合约,从而使NFT元数据产生变化。

02

动态NFT开发的关键-预言机

之前文章中我们有详细介绍过预言机对智能合约的重要性,同样,动态NFT(dNFT)互操作性的限制也可以通过“预言机”得到完美的解决。预言机可以定义来自外部数据源的数据馈送,允许动态NFT根据外部数据和事件进行调整和更改,对动态NFT的广泛采用极其重要。

除了使用常规预言机链接外部数据外,动态NFT还可以使用可验证的随机函数(VRF)来发挥更大的潜力跟价值。可验证随机函数可以看作是一个随机预言机(RandomOracle),通过任意的一个输入,获得一个随机数输出,可验证随机函数比随机预言机多了一个非交互的零知识证明,可以用来验证该随机数输出的正确性,表明这个随机数的确是某个人或者节点生成的。VRF本质上很像抽取彩票,但不同的是它有密码证明抽奖是公平的。

03

动态NFT的应用场景

这里我们列举一下动态NFT的十大应用场景,但事实上它的用途要比这多得多。

1)游戏

VRF的随机性和唯一性为动态NFT在游戏中的应用打开了一扇新大门。比如,可以用完全随机的方式决定每件游戏道具的稀缺性和品质等级,基于可编程动态NFT,玩家的每一个NFT都是动态,可移动的。玩家可以在链上数字空间中根据游戏规则去变化成长,获得更加独特的游戏体验,而开发者也能因此拥有更高的创意空间。

2)博彩

NFT虚拟卡片可以代表现实中对应的运动员的体育比赛,用户可以下注,互相竞赛。而卡片的价值取决于对应运动员在现实中的比赛成绩,通过预言机连接链下比赛数据,确定卡片价值,最终通过智能合约裁定体育比赛的优胜者,并支付奖金。

3)动态数字化藏品

NFT可以用来创建数字化藏品,供感兴趣的人们收藏。对于与现实事件挂钩的藏品我们就需要创建动态NFT。比如,WAX和Topps曾讨论发行限量棒球卡,与球员本垒打记录等真实比赛数据挂钩。动态NFT根据运动员的实际表现可以升级或降级运动员的属性,像是增加运动员在最近的锦标赛中赢得的奖杯或奖牌等。同样,一级方程式赛车手的dNFT也可以根据其比赛成绩进行升级,这一概念可以应用于任何体育或竞技项目。

4)来源追踪、验证真伪

目前,一些奢侈品制造商已经开始与Web3公司合作铸造NFT以证明产品真实性。Apple、Sony、Ray-Ban、Nike等品牌的冒牌货层出不穷,所以相信他们也有需求想进一步打造动态NFT以验证产品的真实性,实现产品的动态追踪。

5)门票

2021年11月迈阿密的加密体验活动中发行了由区块链构建的动态NFT门票,与会者在门口扫描二维码后,即有机会与Web3工作室、主题演讲者、产业供应商交流;还有的动态NFT会授予其所有者访问实时AMA活动的权限。

6)奖励机制

针对用户完成链下任务并在游戏中给予奖励的场景,举个有趣的例子,如果小孩的运动手环记录的步数达到一定阈值,或考试成绩超过了一定分数,那么游戏可以奖励他们特殊的NFT通证,比如特殊的游戏道具,这样小孩就会产生动力去锻炼或学习。将运动或学习与游戏激励绑定在一起,可以形成一个良性循环。这种方式可以应用在任何产品、学校、企业中的良性激励模型中。

7)收益分成

根据动态NFT发行者的状态直接利及通证持有者。例如,摇滚乐队可以向其忠实粉丝发行数量有限的动态NFT以筹款,并承诺NFT持有者可获得些许下一场演唱会门票销售额分成。动态NFT持有者的收益将与乐队相连,推广自己喜欢的乐队可以得到经济奖励,而以前,狂热粉丝的努力几乎没有回报。这种形式与数字内容的分发也可以紧密联系。

8)投票选举

NFT还可以用来开展投票活动。有了投票机制,NFT资产的发布事宜可以由民主的方式决定,这也就形成了DAO。具体内容可以小到创建哪种数字卡片,也可以大到去中心化的对冲基金如何向新投资者分配权益,其中,我们将利用预言机不带偏见地统计投票结果,将投票结果传输至智能合约做出最后决定。

9)估值更新

类似于证券、房地产等资产价值并非是静态的,因此,在交易资产或将资产作为贷款和认证抵押物时,需要不断更新资产估值。预言机可连接至链下数据,为链上资产提供可靠的实时估值。它可以存储实际房屋的所有维护历史记录,并在对实际建筑进行任何新的翻新或修改时进行修改相关记录。

10)数字身份认证

另一个很好的例子是数字身份。想象你的护照变成动态NFT,你的旅行历史记录和付款存储将存储在NFT护照中。每次旅行时它都会自动更新。在医疗领域,个人病例也可以是动态NFT,病例的修改跟更新将自动完成;在教育领域,动态NFT可分配给学生个人,将成绩单记录在数字账本上,通过智能合约解锁学习榜单跟成就。

04

最后:动态NFT与Web3的繁荣紧密关联

除了上述列出的十大应用场景之外,动态NFT还可用于会员折扣、访问某人的日程安排、访问护照或医疗记录等敏感记录、企业筹款等等任何需动态关联的场景。

动态NFT无疑是NFT技术的未来,它们根据现实生活中的事件进行动态更新的能力使它们在广泛的领域中更加具有实用性。Web3的发展速度非常之快,动态NFT的用例也与日俱增,因为预言机的加成,动态NFT可以利用链下数据,极大地扩展了其效用,远远超越了以前的静态形式。

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