关于即将面世的港元稳定币,他们有话想说……

链得得Published on 2024-09-04Last updated on 2024-09-04

整理:Babyewhale,Techub News

继比特币与以太坊的现货 ETF 之后,基于港元的稳定币也被提上了日程。一个月之前,京东旗下京东币链科技(香港)宣布将基于公链发行与港元 1:1 锚定的港元稳定币,引燃了市场对港元稳定币的热情。在 USDT 发行方 Tether 以及 USDC 发行方 Circle 等「前辈」的光辉业绩之下,包括币链科技、圆币科技等港元稳定币参与者也让香港又多了一个值得期待的故事。

但也并非所有人都看好港元稳定币的发展,虽然在支付、RWA 等场景下都能看到应用的场景,但其是否能真的实现规模化以及其在链上其他应用中是否能被广泛使用成了很多人担心的问题。

对此,我们向一些行业内有影响力的人士发出了邀请,希望他们聊一聊对港元稳定币的真实想法。最终总结下来,看好者与质疑者兼而有之,笔者将两类观点分开展示,希望可以带来一些思考:

支持派

我们首先这个问题向香港立法会议员,香港 Web3 发展的坚定支持者吴杰庄进行了提问。吴议员表示,香港立法会将在明年针对稳定币进行立法,香港对于发展稳定币这一块是非常有信心的,也非常看好这一领域。

此外,吴议员还表示,香港发行稳定币应结合实际的应用场景,并且并不限于发行港元稳定币,也可以发行离岸人民币甚至欧元稳定币等。

蚂蚁数科旗下 Web3 品牌 ZAN 首席执行官 Cobe Zhang 表示,链上投资长期以来都面临着「金融空转」的风险,而 RWA 将是突破这一瓶颈的希望所在。我们希望未来香港可以成为亚太地区的 RWA 资产发行和交易中心,这样也会为稳定币带来更多的应用场景。

Matrixdock 负责人 Eva 表示,稳定币在 RWA 代币化中发挥着关键作用,成为最经典的应用案例,其市值远超其他 RWA 资产。随着全球对稳定币需求的持续增长,其交易量已在加密货币市场中占据主导地位。香港等地区政府积极推动稳定币监管,推出备受关注的沙盒计划,有望成为全球首个允许银行发行稳定币的地区。这些进展不仅加速了稳定币的应用,也推动了 RWA 代币化的进程,鼓励全球更多政府和机构的积极参与。香港在稳定币监管方面的探索,预计将提升全球市场的透明度和金融体系的韧性,进一步推动加密行业的合法化与发展。

除了稳定币,黄金、房地产等更多现实资产也在逐渐被代币化,并获得广泛认可。这一趋势不仅是金融创新的重要组成部分,更是产业区块链的发展方向之一。随着大规模产业资产通过区块链技术进行代币化,更多机构投资者进入加密市场, 显著提高了全球资产的流动性和透明度,并促进了资产管理和交易的发展。作为亚洲多元化 RWA 代币化平台,Matrixdock也在不断创新以推动传统金融与数字经济的深度融合。

数字资产托管和钱包技术提供商 Cobo 首席运营官 Lily Z.King 表示,Cobo 在首批香港稳定币沙盒申请之初就和参与机构和监管机构进行了深度的探讨和研究,并成为了首批沙盒参与者圆币科技首选的数字钱包合作伙伴。基于我们的洞察,稳定币不仅是一种桥接传统金融与数字资产的工具,更是全球金融体系中的关键节点。通过与法定货币或其他稳定资产挂钩,稳定币提供了一个桥梁,将传统金融和 DeFi 世界连接起来。这种桥梁对于推动主流采用至关重要,因为它让投资者在探索新兴数字资产时能够获得熟悉的安全感和稳定性。

当下,稳定币不仅在支付和结算中展示出独特优势,还可能在未来成为数字经济的基石。香港在这一领域的创新与突破,或将决定其在全球数字经济中的地位。从宏观角度来看,香港拥有深厚的金融市场基础、强大的监管框架以及将数字货币作为其下一个经济驱动力的决心,这使其成为推动稳定币发展的理想场所;从微观角度来看,香港市场参与者(包括东西世界的传统金融机构、互联网头部公司和区块链原生团队)的多元化将有利于香港稳定币的用户和商业场景探索,为 PayFi 之夏的到来提供强大的基础架构。

极简货币合伙人孟鼎霖从监管的角度发表了看法,其表示,从出台的立法建议上看,主要反映在稳定币的牌照,运营和退出等方面的管理措施。对稳定币的应用涉及较少。而稳定币的应用才是成功的关键。

作为数字货币的稳定币,与传统的法币电子货币是完全不一样的两个物种,如果把稳定币用在现行传统的行业里边,是意义不大的。也无法与电子货币进行竞争。稳定币应用的基础,是丰富的数字资产和数字化应用的生态。没有这些基础,稳定币的发行商是难以盈利的,不容易持续经营。

因此,我们认为,相对于稳定币监管政策,传统资产向数字资产转移的监管政策,数字资产应用生态的促进政策应该优先建立,或者同时推出。比如:出台相关政策支持稳定币在现行金融系统的某些特定业务(跨境支付,特定 RWA 等)先行先试。取得经验再逐步扩展应用范围。

此外,数字资产的运行可以按要求自带监管功能,因此监管和现行金融监管可以不一样。监管机构可以通过对应用方特定智能合约的审定,对具体的应用实现实时监管,这样监管效率更高,成本更低,监管效果也更好。

质疑派

有支持者自然也会有另一方的声音,在我们采访的对象中,也有一些人认为香港发行港元稳定币可能不会产生想象中的效果,更有甚者对其必要性提出了质疑:

Foresight News 副主编 Joe Zhou 表示,其担心的是港元稳定币公司是否有足够的市场化竞争信念。Joe Zhou 称,透过股权,无论是圆币、京东,还是渣打,三家机构都是由传统金融背景的机构控股。同时,这三个团队目前还没有足够 native 的 Web3 人才,这或许是他们想与全球稳定币公司竞争的一大阻碍。另一点,港元稳定币是港元的延伸,这是否会极大的限制其规模。正如当前香港ETF与美国ETF的差距一样。

香港区块链协会共同主席方宏进从多角度阐述了自己的观点,包括美元稳定币、锚定「一篮子货币」的稳定币和港元稳定币方面。其表示,若是在香港发行锚定美元的稳定币,从金融环境和法律规范来看是没有问题的,但是要问的是谁会用?能有多大市值的流通量?在锚定法币的稳定币1600亿美元的市值中,Tether 发行的 USDT 占 70% 左右,Circle 发行的在美国部分合规的 USDC 占 20%,其他的稳定币所占份额都很小。所以香港发行锚定美元的稳定币,虽然是合规的得到官方批准的,但其在市值上可能很难达到已有美元稳定币的程度。

方宏进称,「Tether 在早期始终被质疑其持有的美元是否与 USDT 能保证 1:1 的锚定,而在持续的质疑下 USDT 依然保持着市场占有率的首位并不断发展的主要原因是其别人无法企及的流动性。几乎所有的中心化交易所和去中心化交易所都一定以 USDT 作为最主要的交易对资产,USDT在私人之间点对点支付时几乎是唯一可接受的虚拟货币。所以仅仅因为发行的美元稳定币是合规的,能不能就可以与USDT一竞天下,我个人绝不乐观。」

在锚定「一篮子货币」的稳定币方面,方宏进表示,「2019 年 Facebook 曾经大张旗鼓地宣发要发行 Libra,其顶层设计就是按照不同比例锚定美元、欧元、英镑、日元等汇总的『一篮子货币』发行稳定币。我当时就在媒体公开发表评论指出其不可行,姑且不论各国央行如何监管,仅就这几款硬通货之间的汇率上下波动,搁在一个『篮子』里怎么维护稳定币的币值稳定?相当于谁稳定?当然扎克伯格被叫到美国国会听证会上答辩了两次,Libra 此后就偃旗息鼓不了了之了。那么现在在香港发行锚定『一篮子货币』的稳定币可行吗?应该是已经有机构尝试做了,结果如何大家可以自行查询。至于在香港发行锚定其他国家法币的稳定币,不妨都试试,可能会在香港与其所在国之间的跨境支付中可以发挥作用,但是发行规模都不会有多大。」

最后,就港元稳定币方面,方宏进表示,其了解到一些有内地大厂背景的在港机构计划发行港元稳定币,其目的是为了配合国内企业做跨境贸易、跨境电商提供点对点支付的便捷服务。

方宏进认为,港元本身就是一个锚定美元发行的区域性货币,与美元保持联系汇率,很难有自主性的货币政策(例如利息),可以在香港自由兑换成美元。港元除了在香港本地拥有排他性的法币地位外,在其他国家和地区(也许澳门例外)是没有什么应用场景的。所以既然有了成熟并已经被广泛接受的美元稳定币模式,发行港元稳定币基本属于多此一举。

方宏进称,首先,内地企业或个人向外汇管理局申请外汇汇入或汇出指标时,外汇是美元还是港币都是一样的,申请港元并没有什么优惠政策;其次,除香港外估计没有哪个国家或地区的客户在可以接收美元稳定币时,却会选择接受港元稳定币;再其次,港元稳定币在香港本地零售市场的应用也很难扩展,因为香港政府已经在积极推动 CBDC 型的数码港元在香港的使用。企业发的港元稳定币和政府发的数码港元,两者使用起来的感受几乎没有什么差别,香港居民可能会更加倾向于数码港元。

虽然对港元稳定币并不乐观,但其仍认为稳定币仍有机遇,但是必须突破目前局限于锚定法币的桎梏,发行包括企业的链上商业票据、有收益的稳定币以及锚定增值性实物资产的稳定币。

最后,一位资深但要求匿名的行业内人士用一句话总结了大多数不看好的人的想法:USDT 的成功不可复制,硬要做稳定币成功率不高。

作者:TechubNews;来自链得得内容开放平台“得得号”,本文仅代表作者观点,不代表链得得官方立场凡“得得号”文章,原创性和内容的真实性由投稿人保证,如果稿件因抄袭、作假等行为导致的法律后果,由投稿人本人负责得得号平台发布文章,如有侵权、违规及其他不当言论内容,请广大读者监督,一经证实,平台会立即下线。如遇文章内容问题,请联系微信:chaindd123

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