Unisat明牌支持，比特币扩容方案Fractal有何特色？

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-08-14Last updated on 2024-08-14

Abstract

似乎一直在坚持基于BTC主链“正统性扩展”的Fractal确实以有创意的机制来实现BTC的原生拓展。

Unisat明牌支持，比特币扩容方案Fractal有何特色？

扩展问题一直是 BTC 生态发展的重点方向，但随着板块整体热度下降，渐渐地包括各种拓展方案在内的诸多 BTC 生态创意项目也淡出人们视野，但在浮躁的市场情绪背后，“still working”仍是诸多项目团队状态的贴切表述。

昨日，由 UniSat 提供支持的基于 BTC 核心代码的原生扩展方案 Fractal 开放官方领水通道，结合之前 Unisat 将于 9 月推出 Fractal Bitcoin 的消息，小编不由得对这个项目产生一些兴趣，于是去 Fractal 官网看了看，大致了解这个项目的特别之处。

Unisat明牌支持，比特币扩容方案Fractal有何特色？

原汁原味，基于 BTC 主链的“正统”改进？

根据官方的自我介绍，Fractal Bitcoin 通过使用 BTC 核心代码在 BTC 主链上递归创建无限拓展层来提高交易处理能力和速度，同时保持与现有比特币生态系统的完全兼容性。

简而言之，Fractal 就是在沿用 BTC 核心代码的基础上进行拓展，具有以下特性：

  • 交易速度快：Fractal 网络的区块确认时间约为 30 秒，交易处理能力是 BTC 主链的 20 倍。

  • 原生兼容：Fractal Bitcoin 基于 BTC 核心代码开发，所以完全兼容现有的比特币钱包、工具和矿工设备。

  • 动态调整：基于 BTC 主链的递归系统能够根据网络拥堵程度自动调整扩展层的数量。

  • 安全可追溯：所有在 Fractal 网络上进行的交易最终都可以追溯到比特币主链。

Unisat明牌支持，比特币扩容方案Fractal有何特色？

既要保持主网的正统性，又要从多个方面提高处理效率，Fractal 具体是怎么实现的？

多层扩展机制

Fractal 利用递归扩展层的巧妙设计来提高 BTC 交易的吞吐量。基于 BTC 主链之上创建了多个层级的扩展层，形成一个树状的递归结构。这种结构允许每一层都能进一步扩展的“分叉模式”，增加整个网络的并行处理能力。

当主链上的交易量增加时，Fractal 会自动将一部分交易分流到上层。每一层都能独立处理交易，而且可以根据网络需求动态地增加或减少扩展层的数量。在高峰期，它可以快速创建新的层级来应对突增的交易量，这种动态扩展能力使得网络能够灵活应对不同的负载情况。

Cadence Mining

Fractal 采用与比特币相同的 PoW 共识机制，BTC 矿工可以用当前的 ASIC、GPU 和其他已有的硬件无缝转换到 Fractal 区块挖矿。

为了拓展参与挖矿用户的多样性，Fractal 提出合并挖矿机制 Cadence Mining（节奏挖矿），将 无许可挖矿（Permissionless mining）和 合并挖矿（Merge mining）两种挖矿模式相结合，以每 3 个区块为一个周期，其中 2 个区块通过「无许可挖矿」产生， 1 个区块通过「合并挖矿」产生。

为了方便理解，这里简单解释一下两种挖矿方式：「无许可挖矿」允许任何拥有合适工具和硬件的人开采 Fractal 区块，类似于 BTC 的开采方式；而「合并挖矿」专门针对 BTC 矿工，允许矿工同时挖掘 BTC 区块和 Fractal 区块而不需要占额外的算力。

重新应用 OP_CAT

Fractal Bitcoin 重新应用了 OP_CAT，这是 BTC 早期版本中曾经存在但后来被禁用的一个操作码。OP_CAT 允许将两个字符串连接在一起，一个使用 OP_CAT 的脚本可以将 1 字节的值扩展为超过 1 TB 的数据，这种可以产生巨大数据的能力可能被攻击者用来进行 DoS 攻击，导致节点崩溃或网络拥塞。由于在早期版本中尚未对 OP_CAT 的攻击性出现有效的限制机制，所以 OP_CAT 一直被禁用，直到 Tapscript 通过将堆栈元素的大小限制在 520 字节内，才算有效解决这个问题。

如今，经过“净化”的 OP_CAT 操作码成为开发者的有力工具，开发者更容易地处理大整数，增强 BTC 的脚本能力。

进一步说，重新拿起 OP_CAT 为 BTC 生态带来更多开发可能，链上应用、智能合约等更多样的链上采用可能性得以在 BTC 主链落地生根。

小结

当前 Fractal 官方开启了领水通道与测试页面，但可能由于撸毛大军太过热情，水龙头页面已经被冲爆了一直报错，暂时领不到水，且本次的测试币会在北京时间 8 月 13 日 16 点 刷新重置，之后也会正式上线测试网，所以想要参与的读者也不必太过着急。

回归项目本身，不管是从项目理念还是实现机制上看，似乎一直在坚持基于 BTC 主链“正统性扩展”的 Fractal 确实以有创意的机制来实现 BTC 的原生拓展。而未来的广泛采用、安全性的长期验证以及与现有的 BTC 生态的整合完善都需要经历不断地自我迭代和持续的时间检验，希望 Fractal 能始终如一，在浮躁的加密世界中 keep going。

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