从供需角度看香港加密现货ETF的影响

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-05-05Last updated on 2024-05-05

Abstract

从中长期来看,香港加密ETF的实物申赎机制,也为加密资产借道转换成为传统金融资产提供了通路。

原文作者:Tom Analysis,SoSoValue 入驻研究员

香港证监会正式公示虚拟资产现货 ETF 获批名单,华夏(香港)、嘉实国际、博时国际旗下比特币现货 ETF、以太币现货 ETF 在列。这 6 只现货 ETF 产品于 4 月 25 日至 26 日开启打新认购, 4 月 30 日在香港交易所上市。

通过打新认购, 6 只香港现货 ETF 获得了不错的初始规模,根据 SoSo Value 数据,其中 3 只比特币 ETF 总净值 2.48 亿美元, 3 只以太坊 ETF 总净值 4500 万美元,合计净值近 3 亿美元;而美国比特币现货 ETF 产品,剔除由信托转为 ETF 的灰度(GBTC),首日总净值仅为 1.3 亿美元。

但首日交易额方面,香港加密 ETF 远小于美国同行,SoSo Value 数据, 6 只香港加密 ETF 在 4 月 30 日首日成交额仅为 1270 万美元,远低于美国 ETF 上市首日的 46.6 亿美元交易额。

我们观察到香港加密 ETF 初始规模和首日交易额出现了极大的不匹配,香港加密现货 ETF 究竟能做到多大规模,能对加密市场产生什么样的影响,又应该如何把握相关投资机会,小编将通过香港 ETF 的供需关系,来对此做出解析。

从供需角度看香港加密现货ETF的影响

从供需角度看香港加密现货ETF的影响

图 1 :香港加密现货 ETF 数据一览(数据来源:SoSo Value)

需求方:不允许中国大陆人民币投资人购买,增量资金可能有限,带来交易额偏低

此次香港加密货币 ETF,对于投资人资格依然有着严格的限制,大陆投资人不能参与交易。以富途证券为例,要求开户方为非大陆&美国居民身份,才可进行交易。市场期待的大陆资金通过南向港股通来进行交易,目前是不被允许的,在相当长的时间内,预计也很难打通。

费用层面,香港加密 ETF 并不占优,相比美国 ETF,对于希望长期持有的机构吸引力不大。根据 SoSo Value 数据,美国 11 只比特币现货 ETF,除了灰度和 Hashdex 外,规模最大的几只如 IBIT、CBOE 管理费费率均在 0.25% 左右,而香港 3 只 比特币 ETF 综合费率相对较高,华夏 1.99% ,嘉实 1.00% ,最低的博时也有 0.85% ,即使有管理费短期减免,依然没有费率优势。费率差异下,对于看好加密市场希望长期持有的机构投资人而言,美国比特币 ETF 持有成本更低。

后续来看,需求方资金可能主要是两个来源:

1)香港散户。对于拥有香港身份证的散户而言,购买香港加密 ETF 的门槛更低。如在购买美国比特币现货 ETF ,需要拥有专业投资人资格(PI),而申请 PI 资格需要出具 800 万港币投资组合或者 4000 万港币总资产证明。此次香港比特币现货 ETF 允许散户交易,另外交易时间也更符合亚洲作息,这是一个重要增量。

2)对以太坊感兴趣的传统投资人。香港以太坊现货 ETF 为全球首发,因此对于持币有实质性困难,又看好以太坊前景的投资人,可能会给以太坊 ETF 带来增量。

从供需角度看香港加密现货ETF的影响

图 2 :美国比特币现货 ETF 费率情况(数据来源:SoSo Value)

从供需角度看香港加密现货ETF的影响

图 3 :香港加密现货 ETF 费率情况(数据来源:SoSo Value 整理)

供给端:实物申赎方式(in-kind)增加 ETF 份额供给,提升初始规模

香港加密现货 ETF 与美国比特币现货 ETF 最大的不同:在现金申赎(in-cash)之外,额外增加了实物申赎(in-kind)方式。这也直接决定了,在 ETF 份额层面,香港加密 ETF 可能拥有更多的供给方。

实物申赎指的是投资者在申购(创建)或赎回 ETF 份额时,可以使用加密货币(比特币或以太坊)来进行交换,而不是用现金。在申购时,投资者向 ETF 提供一定量的加密货币,以换取 ETF 份额;在赎回时,投资者交回 ETF 份额,以换取相应的加密货币。

参考图 2 的香港加密货币申购流程对比,可以看到,实物申购相比现金申购,带来的两大区别:

1)持币方可以直接用币认购:对于部分持币大户,如矿主等,可以很容易的将自己的币转换为 ETF 份额,而 ETF 份额后续除持有外,既可以支持现金赎回,也支持在港交所直接出售为现金,有非常灵活的处理方式。

2)对于加密市场而言,实物申购并不会带来增量资金流入市场,只是加密货币在不同账户之间的腾挪。而现金申购则会给链上加密资产带来实际的买盘。

因此,香港加密 ETF 份额的认购方,既包含了传统的现金认购方,又包含了持币大户。虽然各家目前尚未披露实物申购和现金申购的具体份额,但是按照 OSL 公开沟通来看,首批实物申购的 ETF 份额占比可能超过 50% ,这也解释了为何香港加密 ETF 初始募集规模可以达到近 3 亿美金,实物申购功不可没。但另一层面,这些实物申购的 ETF 份额,在后续二级市场交易中,又可能转化为卖盘。

从供需角度看香港加密现货ETF的影响

图 4 :香港加密现货 ETF 实物 VS 现金申购流程对比

综合供需,关注折溢价率以把握投资机会

按照上文供需两端的综合分析来看,不同于美国比特币现货 ETF,我们可以跟踪 ETF 的每日资金净流入(Total Net Inflow,具体可参考https://sosovalue.xyz/assets/us-btc-spot),来直观地判断比特币 ETF 为链上带来的增量资金对加密资产价格的影响。香港加密现货 ETF 的的供需更为复杂,各家基金公司公布的数据也无法清晰区分实物和现金的申赎量 。在这一背景下,我们认为,公开市场(港交所交易)的折溢价率也许是更好地观察指标。

正如我们上文分析,在港交所场内交易中,折溢价是供求双方力量的最佳体现。如 ETF 产生折价,表明卖方出售意愿更强,供过于求,做市商有动力在港交所以折价购买 ETF 份额,再去场外找 ETF 发行方赎回份额,从而赚取差价,ETF 整体净资产缩小,资金流出,对于加密市场整体是负面作用。整个过程可以简单总结为:ETF 折价-->卖盘更强-->可能产生赎回-->对于加密市场负面影响。反之,假设 ETF 溢价-->买盘更强-->可能产生申购-->对于加密市场正面影响。

根据 SoSo Value 数据,截至 4 月 30 日收盘,除了嘉实比特币现货 ETF(3439.HK)和嘉实以太坊现货 ETF(3179.HK)分别产生了-0.18% 和-0.19% 的负溢价外,其他产品均为正溢价,且盘中交易过程中最高产生了 0.33% 的正溢价,首日卖盘克制,买盘相对强劲。考虑 ETF 上市首日有做市商影响,此折溢价数据可以持续观察,如果可以持续维持正溢价,则有望持续吸引投资者申购,尤其是持币投资人的认购,则香港加密现货 ETF 的规模将超过 5 亿美金的预估值;而如果转为负溢价,则要警惕套利交易赎回 ETF 份额,ETF 发行方卖出加密货币,带动加密市场下行。

从供需角度看香港加密现货ETF的影响

图 5 :香港加密现货 ETF 供需影响机制(数据来源:SoSo Value 整理)

香港加密 ETF 对投资人还有一项重要价值:增加了一条加密资产与可交易金融资产的转化流通路径

香港加密现货 ETF 的快速获批,虽然对于加密市场的短期影响力可能小于美国现货 ETF,但从中长期来看,香港加密 ETF 的实物申赎机制,也为加密资产借道转换成为传统金融资产提供了通路。通过实物申购,将加密货币转换为 ETF 份额,而 ETF 份额因为有传统金融市场的定价的公允价值和流动性,持有加密资产 ETF 可以作为传统金融市场的资产证明,由此可以进行各类杠杆操作,如押借贷,构建结构化产品等,加密资产与传统金融的通路进一步打通,加密资产价值可以得到更充分的反应及变现。

从更宏观和长期的角度去考量,香港批准比特币和以太坊现货 ETF 这一步是全球加密市场的一个重要发展,这一政策将会长期辐射华人区的金融格局,也是加密货币在全球金融体系中进一步合法化的重要步骤。

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

Chip Stocks Lead U.S. Market Decline: Is AI Trading Being Hit by Both Interest Rates and Returns?

Chip stocks led a broad decline in US markets, with the Nasdaq dropping 2.2% and the S&P 500 falling 1.4%. This selloff reflects a dual challenge for the once-high-flying AI hardware trade: rising interest rate expectations and growing investor impatience for clear returns from massive AI capital expenditures. The pressure was most acute on hardware leaders. Nvidia fell about 4%, dipping below a $5 trillion market cap, while Micron plunged 13.2% ahead of its earnings report. Declines across memory, storage, AI, and mobile chips indicated a sector-wide retreat. The selloff spread globally, with South Korea's KOSPI index dropping nearly 10% as key suppliers SK Hynix and Samsung recorded double-digit losses. Investors appeared to be taking profits from the most crowded trades first. Macro headwinds intensified as market expectations shifted toward a more aggressive Federal Reserve. Forecasts for multiple rate hikes in 2026 pressured high-valuation tech stocks, which rely on long-term growth projections that become less attractive as discount rates rise. Concurrently, investors are scrutinizing the profit potential of the immense AI spending by cloud giants like Alphabet, Amazon, and Meta. While these expenditures drive demand for chips and hardware, the market is now questioning whether AI services will generate sufficient returns to justify the ongoing costs. This adjustment is not necessarily a bubble burst but a recalibration. AI demand fundamentals remain, but the narrative of endless growth can no longer fully offset concerns over higher interest rates and a longer path to profitability. Near-term direction may hinge on Micron's upcoming earnings guidance and incoming inflation data, which will influence both the AI demand outlook and the Fed's policy path. The market is transitioning from blindly buying growth to demanding clearer visibility on returns.

marsbit49m ago

Chip Stocks Lead U.S. Market Decline: Is AI Trading Being Hit by Both Interest Rates and Returns?

marsbit49m ago

OpenAI's New Paper: How to Train an AI that "Doesn't Deteriorate Under Pressure"?

OpenAI's new paper "Reinforcement Learning Towards Broadly and Persistently Beneficial Models" explores training AI to maintain safe, helpful, and honest behavior even under pressure, in unseen scenarios, or after being fine-tuned for harmful purposes. Moving beyond simple rule-based "don'ts," the research focuses on cultivating "beneficial traits" like honesty, risk-awareness, corrigibility, and transparency. It investigates if reinforcement learning (RL), often prone to "reward hacking" where models exploit loopholes, can instead be used to instill robust, generalized positive behaviors. Researchers created a multi-domain synthetic dialogue dataset covering areas like healthcare and law. They trained a model by replacing 5% of standard RL data with "beneficial trait" data. This model outperformed the baseline in 83% of 53 evaluations, showing average gains of 9.1% in alignment, safety, and helpfulness. Crucially, improvements generalized: a model trained only on healthcare "good behavior" data also performed better in 17 out of 19 non-healthcare alignment tests. The paper also tests "alignment persistence." When subjected to adversarial prompts or harmful fine-tuning, the beneficial trait model showed greater resilience, with smaller performance drops and less "spillover" of bad behavior to unrelated tasks. While not a complete solution, this work suggests a shift from post-hoc correction to proactively shaping robust, principled AI behavior, a critical step for deploying models in high-stakes, complex decision-making scenarios.

marsbit52m ago

OpenAI's New Paper: How to Train an AI that "Doesn't Deteriorate Under Pressure"?

marsbit52m ago

Semiconductor Stock Rebound: Is the Technical Correction Over or a Trend Reversal?

The core of recent semiconductor stock volatility is not about daily price swings, but rather the market questioning whether AI-driven semiconductor pricing has entered a new phase. Following a sharp sell-off in Korean stocks on June 23rd, led by Samsung and SK Hynix, a subsequent rebound is seen more as a technical positioning adjustment rather than a confirmed trend reversal. The key variable is HBM (High Bandwidth Memory), essential for AI chips. Its supply-demand imbalance granted memory makers significant pricing power. The current market focus is on whether this dynamic remains strong enough to justify elevated valuations. All eyes are on Micron's upcoming earnings report. The critical factor is not whether results meet already high expectations, but whether the company's guidance confirms that AI memory pricing power, order visibility, and future margins are still expanding. Micron's outlook will serve as a crucial test for the broader AI semiconductor chain, including Samsung, SK Hynix, and other infrastructure players. The recent bounce appears to be a pre-earnings positioning repair. For it to evolve into a sustained uptrend, concrete evidence is needed that the AI infrastructure expansion cycle's fundamentals—particularly for high-end memory—remain robust and can continue to surpass elevated market expectations. The risk is that strong demand alone may not be sufficient if future guidance hints at peaking momentum or increasing supply-side pressures.

marsbit1h ago

Semiconductor Stock Rebound: Is the Technical Correction Over or a Trend Reversal?

marsbit1h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

439 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片