算法稳定币USN的推出,能否助力Near打赢翻身仗?

链茶馆Published on 2022-04-18Last updated on 2022-04-18

Abstract

根据 Electric Capital 的数据,Near 是任何 Layer1 区块链中拥有最多全职的月度活跃开发者的公链,并且开发者数量在过去两年中翻了 4 倍,这一数字保障了 Near 未来生态的建设。

四月以来,有关 Near Protocol 的新闻愈发增多,包括前不久完成 3.5 亿美元的融资、以及即将推出稳定币 USN 等等。
链茶馆也于前日发布文章对 USN 进行了提前介绍(即将推出年化 20% 的算法稳定币 USN,「未来属于 NEAR」?),USN 将会是 Near 生态的算法稳定币,且在发布后将提供 20% 的年化收益率,对标 Terra 的 UST。
种种利好消息驱使 NEAR 市值不断升高,但值得注意的是,Near Protocol 在其存在的大部分时间里一直处于低调状态,尽管在技术面上,他一直都是以太坊的潜在竞争对手,并且以太坊 2.0 升级后才能做到的分片扩展,Near 已经做到甚至做的更好。
那不得不思考,2020 年 10 月就上线的 Near,为什么现在才开始被市场挖掘, USN 的推出是前进的号角还是绝望下的呐喊?
前进的号角?
NEAR 始于 2017 年一个名为 NEAR.ai 的机器学习项目,由 Alexander Skidanov 和 Illia Polosukhin 发起。一开始他们并没有想直接去研究一条公链,而是想将自己的项目部署在合适的链上,但却发现没有一个链能满足他们的需求。
因此他们于 2018 年 8 月开始研究,且于 2020 年 10 月 13 日,Near Protocol 正式上线。
Near 属于 Layer 1 区块链,在共识机制上和其他后发公链一样,采用 POS 权益证明。但与其他链不同的是,Near 为扩展问题引入了独特的解决方案。「Nightshade」可以使 Near 的交易处理能力随着分片的数量线性扩展。因此,随着采用率的增长,Near 将始终能够满足交易需求。
Near 在技术面上非常优秀,就公链性能的参数 TPS 来讲,截止 2022 年一月,Near 的每秒交易处理能力达到 10 万笔,同期 Solana 为 6.5 万笔、波卡 1 千笔,而以太坊在 23 年完成 2.0 升级后才能做到一样的交易量。
此外,Terra 还没开始,Cosmos 的 Evmos、Solana 的 Neon 都在努力实现的 EVM,Near 早已通过 Aurora 实现了。这让开发人员可以轻松做到把智能合约从以太坊上部署到 NEAR。得益于 NEAR 的分片扩容技术,用户无需再花费高昂的交易手续费,也不必承受漫长的确认等待时间。
开发者积极性讲,开发人员和 NEAR 基金会都很积极参与 NEAR 社区。根据 Electric Capital 的数据,Near 是任何 Layer1 区块链中拥有最多全职的月度活跃开发者的公链,并且开发者数量在过去两年中翻了 4 倍,这一数字保障了 Near 未来生态的建设。

以太坊

Near 很受资本青睐,除了前不久完成 3.5 亿美元的融资,Near 经常出现在诸多头部加密资本的持仓前三榜。NEAR 是 Alamedas 除比特币之外最大的持仓;在 DCG 的最新持仓里,Near 也排在第三。
绝望下的呐喊?
从技术、开发、生态、资本等等以上角度看 Near Protocal 似乎比还没实现的以太坊 2.0 还要优秀,但事实并非如此。Near Protocal 优秀的技术面背后有着非常严重的问题。
通胀代币模型 人们往往因为规避通胀而选择加密货币,但 Near Protocal 的 NEAR 属于通胀代币。自 2020 年以来,NEAR 流通量增加了两倍之多。除了用于激励验证者的每年 5% 通胀,前期贡献者代币解锁也比其他项目快很多。
虽然 NEAR 也有烧毁机制,来自交易费用的 70% 会被烧毁。但为了使通货膨胀率为 0%,网络必须每天处理超过 10 亿笔交易,想要通缩更是要 15 亿交易。否则,供应量上线只会越来越高。
凄惨的基本面数据 10 亿笔交易?这对当前的 Near 来讲就是天文数字,过去两个月以来,Near 每日交易数基本在 82 万笔以下,最高一次交易次数发生在今年 1 月 16 日,达 170 万。
可能还是缺乏稳定币作为媒介,Near 除了链上交易量低,其他公链基本面数据包括 TVL、合约数、用户量等等表现的都不如其他公链。尤其是在公链排行中,几乎各项数据里 Near 都被放在了 Others 当中。
中心化严重 Solana 往往被贴上最中心化公链的标签,但 Near 中心化更严重,截至今日数据 Near 的验证节点仅有 100 个,而在一月仅有 73 个,去年 54 个,而 Solana 甚至都有 1462 个。
并且 36% 的初始代币分配给了核心团队和支持者,只有 12% 可供社区使用。仅有节点身份的单位才能对治理提案进行投票,一个节点席位需要 106159NEAR,按 16 美元的当前价格计算也要近 170 万美元,以太坊 2.0 的验证者最低门槛是 32ETH,也不过是 9.6 万美元。
总结
当把各种优势与劣势列出来时,似乎一时难以抉择 NEAR 到底是不是个好项目,甚至开始怀疑各大加密资本重仓 NEAR 的动机。
没错,Near 拥有极强的性能,能随便甩 ETH1.0 几条街;没错,Near 将推出 USN,这将极大帮助 NEAR 生态去建设相应的 DeFi 项目;是,众多资本都看好 Near。
但对于一条公链项目来讲,最重要的是他跟其他公链相比到底如何。就目前的数据看,Near 的基本面还藏在「Others」当中,而大部分人甚至都说不出 Near 生态下有什么众皆知的项目,只有排在第十八的市值能出现在大众视野里。
Near 真的需要打一场翻身仗,或许正是因为这惨烈的现状,Near 才要提前十几天将 USN 的利好消息放出来,或许正是因为这惨烈的现状,USN 年化要朝着 20% 放。但这场仗能否打赢还是个不小的问号。

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