Ethereum's Next Stop Glamsterdam: The Core Upgrades You Must Know

Foresight NewsPublished on 2026-06-23Last updated on 2026-06-23

Abstract

The Glamsterdam upgrade, scheduled for late 2026, is a major Ethereum hard fork combining the Amsterdam execution layer and Glasgow consensus layer updates. Its primary goal is not simply increasing throughput but restructuring Ethereum's block production, validation, and resource pricing to enable future scaling. Key technical changes include **EIP-7732 (ePBS)**, which formally enshrines proposer-builder separation into the protocol. This decouples consensus and execution tasks, extending the execution payload propagation window to ~9 seconds. This provides more time for node verification, allowing for safer increases in block capacity (Gas limit) in the future. Another core component is **EIP-7928 (Block-Level Access Lists - BAL)**. It mandates a list of all state accessed within a block, moving this feature from an optional transaction-level (EIP-2930) to a mandatory block-level requirement. This explicit access list enables client optimizations like parallel disk reads and state root computations, paving the way for parallel execution. To manage long-term state growth, **EIP-8037** increases the cost of creating new state (e.g., accounts, storage slots), separating the pricing of permanent database bloat from temporary computation. This allows execution capacity to scale more aggressively without causing state size to explode proportionally. The planned upgrade bundle includes around 10 EIPs categorized into: 1) Core protocol restructuring (ePBS, BAL), 2) Resource pri...

Author: KarenZ, Foresight News

The Glamsterdam upgrade for Ethereum is most easily misunderstood as yet another purely technical iteration to increase throughput. A more accurate description is: it is reorganizing Ethereum's block proposal process, validation process, resource pricing methods, and more, laying the groundwork for higher gas limits, larger blob capacities, and future parallel execution.

As of June 23, 2026, ethereum.org labels Glamsterdam as an upgrade planned for the second half of 2026. The name Glamsterdam comes from the combination of the execution layer upgrade "Amsterdam" and the consensus layer upgrade "Gloas." The official roadmap places it after Fusaka in December 2025 and before Hegotá, clearly listing two main features: enshrined proposer-builder separation (ePBS) and block-level access lists (BAL).

Who Proposes, Who Builds: ePBS Codifies Block Creation Roles into the Protocol

Today's Ethereum block production is like a very tight shift change: someone is responsible for proposing a block, someone else for building the transaction content, with dependencies on off-protocol infrastructure like MEV-Boost and third-party relays.

This system has been running for years, but it places some trust relationships off-protocol and also forces validators to handle consensus, execution, data availability, and other tasks within a very short time window.

One of Glamsterdam's headline changes, EIP-7732, or ePBS (Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation), codifies the division of labor between proposers and builders into the protocol.

Simply put, the proposer is responsible for selecting the consensus block, and the builder is responsible for preparing the transaction content inside it. A builder cannot just make verbal promises; it must first "post a bond" within the protocol: specify exactly which execution payload it will deliver and how much it is willing to pay the proposer. Subsequently, a Payload Timeliness Committee (PTC) will check whether it delivers on time.

The key to this change is not just reducing reliance on third-party relays but also buying time for block propagation and validation.

Today, validators need to handle both consensus and execution simultaneously within a very short critical window; ePBS separates these two tasks, allowing the execution payload to be revealed and verified later. According to the design of EIP-7732, the propagation window for the execution payload—the available time for data to spread through the network and be received by nodes—can be extended from about 2 seconds to about 9 seconds. With a longer window, Ethereum can more safely handle larger payloads when increasing block capacity, reducing the risk of missed votes or reorgs due to nodes not having enough time to download, verify, and vote.

This change may not be directly perceptible to ordinary users, but it is crucial for Ethereum scaling. A longer propagation and validation window means the network can more securely handle larger loads. CoinDesk reported on June 16, 2026, citing Ethereum Foundation DevOps engineer Parithosh Jayanthi, that Glamsterdam could be one of the biggest forks since the Merge, changing many assumptions about Ethereum and preparing for larger-scale scaling in the future.

BAL and Repricing: Scaling Isn't Just About Stepping on the Gas, It's Also About Managing the Database

Another core change in Glamsterdam is EIP-7928, Block-Level Access Lists.

It can be understood as providing each block with an "access record": which accounts and which storage locations were touched during the block's execution, and what the related state became after execution, are all recorded. This way, nodes no longer process blocks completely like opening a blind box; they can know earlier which data needs to be read and which computations can be advanced in parallel.

The earlier EIP-2930 introduced transaction-level access lists, but they were optional and saw limited practical use. The change with EIP-7928 is that it elevates access lists to the block level: the block header contains a "fingerprint" (hash) of this list, while the execution payload stores the complete list. Nodes executing the block will verify whether the access records written in the list actually match the block's execution process; if they don't match, the block is invalid.

Why is this important? Today, when Ethereum executes transactions, many data accesses are only known when that specific step is reached. Nodes don't know if a batch of transactions will read/write the same account or storage slot simultaneously, making it hard to confidently process them in parallel. BAL explicitly writes out the access trajectory during block execution, allowing clients to perform parallel disk reads, parallel transaction validation, parallel state root computation, and also update the state in some scenarios without fully replaying transactions. It's not a direct button to lower user fees but opens up engineering space for client-side parallelization.

But Glamsterdam's scaling logic isn't just about "widening the road." It also needs to manage the long-term bloat of Ethereum's database. EIP-8037 increases state creation costs and introduces a cost per state byte (CPSB). State can be understood as the database content that Ethereum must preserve long-term, such as new accounts, new contracts, and new storage slots. Transactions end after execution, but state remains in the ledger that all nodes must maintain; if state grows too fast, running a node becomes increasingly expensive, and decentralization is gradually eroded.

The background numbers provided by EIP-8037 are straightforward: As of January 2026, a Geth node database dedicated to state is about 390 GiB; after the mainnet gas limit increased from 30 million to 60 million, daily new state growth rose from about 105 MiB to about 326 MiB, translating to an annual growth of about 116 GiB. Extrapolating proportionally under a 200 million gas limit, state growth could reach about 387 GiB per year and exceed the 650 GiB performance degradation threshold in less than a year.

Therefore, what EIP-8037 aims to do is separate the pricing of "temporary computation" from "permanently occupying the database." Creating new state will be more expensive because it imposes not a one-time computation cost on the network but a long-term storage burden.

Vitalik Buterin also mentioned, while explaining the Glamsterdam scaling roadmap, that Glamsterdam will separate state creation costs from execution and calldata costs: the goal is to allow execution capacity to expand more significantly while preventing state size from膨胀 at the same rate.

Looking at them together, BAL makes it easier for nodes to process blocks in parallel, addressing "running faster"; state creation repricing makes operations that long-term occupy the database pay a higher cost, addressing "don't let the ledger get fatter and fatter." Glamsterdam's scaling isn't simply raising the gas limit; it's asking a more realistic question: can Ethereum accommodate more transactions while preventing block propagation, transaction validation, and state storage pressures from spiraling out of control.

The Glamsterdam EIP List Takes Shape: Which Are Set, Which Are Still Waiting?

As of June 23, 2026, according to tracking content on Forkcast regarding Ethereum upgrades, Ethereum developers are currently testing the Glamsterdam upgrade in devnets environments, with deployment scheduled for Sepolia on August 3 and for the mainnet on September 16 (specific deployment dates are subject to change).

Currently, 10 EIPs are planned for inclusion in the Glamsterdam list:

EIP-7708 (ETH transfers will also trigger logs, facilitating indexing and tracking of native ETH transfers)
EIP-7732 (ePBS, codifying proposer-builder separation into the protocol, reducing reliance on off-protocol relays)
EIP-7778 (Removes block gas accounting related to gas refunds, simplifying block gas calculation)
EIP-7843 (Adds SLOTNUM opcode, allowing contracts to read the current slot number)
EIP-7928 (Block-level access lists BAL, recording accounts and storage locations accessed during block execution, paving the way for parallel verification)
EIP-7954 (Increases the maximum contract size limit, allowing larger contract bytecode)
EIP-7976 (Increases calldata floor cost, adjusting the minimum cost for calldata)
EIP-7981 (Increases access list cost, recalibrating gas pricing for access lists)
EIP-8024 (Backward-compatible SWAPN, DUPN, EXCHANGE opcodes, enhancing EVM stack operation capabilities)
EIP-8037 (Increases state creation gas cost,抑制 state database过快膨胀)

These EIPs can be roughly categorized into several groups: The first is the restructuring of block proposal and validation processes, with EIP-7732 and EIP-7928 at the core; the second is resource pricing adjustments, including EIP-7778, EIP-7976, EIP-7981, and EIP-8037; the third is EVM and developer experience changes, including EIP-7708, EIP-7843, EIP-7954, and EIP-8024.

In other words, Glamsterdam isn't changing just one feature point; it's simultaneously upgrading block creation roles, parallel validation, gas pricing, and EVM usability.

Another batch of EIPs remains on the "Considered for Inclusion" list:

EIP-2780 (Splits transaction intrinsic gas by resource)
EIP-7610 (Contract creation reverts when using a non-empty storage account)
EIP-7688 (Future-compatible consensus layer data structure)
EIP-7904 (Computational gas cost analysis, potentially to be removed from Glamsterdam)
EIP-7975 (eth/70, partial block receipt lists)
EIP-7997 (Deterministic factory contracts)
EIP-8038 (State access gas cost updates)
EIP-8045 (Excludes slashed validators from continuing to propose blocks)
EIP-8061 (Increases exit and merge churn)
EIP-8070 (eth/72, Sparse Blobpool)
EIP-8080 (Allows exits to use the consolidation queue)
EIP-8136 (Cell-level deltas for data column broadcasts)
EIP-8159 (eth/71, block access list exchange)
EIP-8246 (Removes SELFDESTRUCT burn)
EIP-8282 (Builder Execution Requests, provides dedicated registration and exit requests for ePBS builders)

Additionally, Forkcast currently lists EIP-8254 (Limits the number of deposit requests per execution layer block to 8192) on the "Proposed for Inclusion" list.

From a staker's perspective, EIP-8061 and EIP-8080 on the considered list are particularly noteworthy. For stakers, this could mean improved exit liquidity. Figment stated in an article on May 5, 2026, that institutional stakers should pay most attention to ePBS, EIP-8061, and EIP-8080, estimating that under the ~38.9 million ETH staked规模 as of April 2026, EIP-8061 could increase the exit churn limit from 256 ETH/epoch to ~1187 ETH/epoch, while EIP-8080 allows regular exits to utilize spare capacity in the merge queue. Figment also cautions that all pre-mainnet numbers should be considered speculative.

Source: Figment

The Protocol is Upgrading, and Foundation Members Are Also Changing

The technical preparation for Glamsterdam coincides almost simultaneously with personnel changes in the Ethereum Foundation's Protocol cluster. An Ethereum Foundation blog post on May 11, 2026, stated that Glamsterdam had reached several milestones: a 200 million gas limit floor had been established as a credible post-Glamsterdam target, ePBS was running stably on multi-client Glamsterdam devnets, and EIP-8037 was finalized.

The same article announced a leadership transition for the Protocol cluster: Will Corcoran, Kev Wedderburn, and Fredrik would become the new Protocol cluster coordinators. Original coordinators Barnabé Monnot and Tim Beiko left the Ethereum Foundation, and Alex Stokes is on leave.

The Foundation's description of the分工 for the three new coordinators is: Will Corcoran has cross-team coordination experience; Kev Wedderburn leads the zkEVM team; Fredrik leads the Protocol Security and Trillion Dollar Security project.

These changes didn't stop at the protocol team. On June 18, 2026, Hsiao-Wei Wang posted that after a leave of absence, they had decided to resign from their positions as Co-Executive Director and Board Member of the Ethereum Foundation.

Former Ethereum Foundation researcher Dankrad Feist stated on June 19, 2026, that those leaving the EF are believers in CROPS (Censorship & Capture Resistance, Open Source, Privacy, Security), that the issue isn't with strategy but with management, and called this wave of talent outflow slightly bearish for Ethereum. Miden co-founder Azeem interpreted it from the opposite direction, believing the EF struggles to change itself, and that the talent outflow might lead to the formation of new organizations better able to execute the Ethereum roadmap, ultimately a net positive for the ecosystem long-term.

The narrative from within the Ethereum Foundation sounds more like setting boundaries. Ethereum Foundation Interim Co-Executive Director Bastian Aue (Aerugo) responded that reasons for EF members leaving include strategic disagreements, role fit, normal institutional turnover, or personal choice, that the EF wouldn't discuss individual personnel matters on social media, but stated that those leaving should have a dignified way to depart.

The Ethereum Foundation later provided a clearer organizational narrative via an official Twitter thread: realizing Ethereum's potential requires a coalition of multiple organizations, and over the past year, several organizations have jointly enhanced the ecosystem's resilience and capabilities. Examples listed by the EF include: ethlabs announced on June 23 (a non-profit R&D lab focused on the next stage of Ethereum and ETH adoption), the Eth Apps Guild launched in April 2026 (focused on real adoption of Ethereum-native apps, especially in emerging markets), the Ethereum Economic Zone launched in 2026 (aiming to reduce ecosystem fragmentation through synchronous composability and zero-knowledge real-time proofs), and Argot established in 2025 (an autonomous collective of engineers and researchers maintaining Solidity and open-source compiler tools).

This official thread makes the recent changes at the Ethereum Foundation easier to understand: the Foundation isn't simply pushing people and projects out, nor is it abandoning central coordination; rather, it might be distributing the Ethereum roadmap across more organizations to shoulder together.

Summary

Therefore, Glamsterdam shouldn't be seen merely as a set of EIPs. It is a significant engineering reorganization by Ethereum before achieving higher throughput: who builds blocks, who proposes them, who validates them, which data must be stored long-term, and which resources should be more expensive are all being re-examined.

The keywords for the technical route are ePBS, BAL, and the beginning of multi-dimensional gas; the keywords for the organizational route are more pragmatic: can the Ethereum Foundation maintain its coordinating power, and can new organizations outside the Foundation turn this coordinating power into sustained delivery.

References:

https://forkcast.org/upgrade/glamsterdam/

https://ethereum.org/roadmap/glamsterdam/

https://blog.ethereum.org/2026/05/11/protocol-update-may-26

https://x.com/VitalikButerin/status/2027403360484430122

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This adaptability is paramount for sustaining relevance in the ever-changing crypto landscape. Community Engagement: The project emphasises community-driven initiatives, employing mechanisms that incentivise collaboration and feedback. By nurturing a strong community, SPERO,$$s$ can better address user needs and adapt to market trends. Focus on Inclusion: By offering low transaction fees and user-friendly interfaces, SPERO,$$s$ aims to attract a diverse user base, including individuals who may not previously have engaged in the crypto space. This commitment to inclusion aligns with its overarching mission of empowerment through accessibility. Timeline of SPERO,$$s$ Understanding a project's history provides crucial insights into its development trajectory and milestones. Below is a suggested timeline mapping significant events in the evolution of SPERO,$$s$: Conceptualisation and Ideation Phase: The initial ideas forming the basis of SPERO,$$s$ were conceived, aligning closely with the principles of decentralisation and community focus within the blockchain industry. Launch of Project Whitepaper: Following the conceptual phase, a comprehensive whitepaper detailing the vision, goals, and technological infrastructure of SPERO,$$s$ was released to garner community interest and feedback. Community Building and Early Engagements: Active outreach efforts were made to build a community of early adopters and potential investors, facilitating discussions around the project’s goals and garnering support. Token Generation Event: SPERO,$$s$ conducted a token generation event (TGE) to distribute its native tokens to early supporters and establish initial liquidity within the ecosystem. Launch of Initial dApp: The first decentralised application (dApp) associated with SPERO,$$s$ went live, allowing users to engage with the platform's core functionalities. Ongoing Development and Partnerships: Continuous updates and enhancements to the project's offerings, including strategic partnerships with other players in the blockchain space, have shaped SPERO,$$s$ into a competitive and evolving player in the crypto market. Conclusion SPERO,$$s$ stands as a testament to the potential of web3 and cryptocurrency to revolutionise financial systems and empower individuals. With a commitment to decentralised governance, community engagement, and innovatively designed functionalities, it paves the way toward a more inclusive financial landscape. As with any investment in the rapidly evolving crypto space, potential investors and users are encouraged to research thoroughly and engage thoughtfully with the ongoing developments within SPERO,$$s$. The project showcases the innovative spirit of the crypto industry, inviting further exploration into its myriad possibilities. While the journey of SPERO,$$s$ is still unfolding, its foundational principles may indeed influence the future of how we interact with technology, finance, and each other in interconnected digital ecosystems.

63 Total ViewsPublished 2024.12.17Updated 2024.12.17

What is AGENT S

Agent S: The Future of Autonomous Interaction in Web3 Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of Web3 and cryptocurrency, innovations are constantly redefining how individuals interact with digital platforms. One such pioneering project, Agent S, promises to revolutionise human-computer interaction through its open agentic framework. By paving the way for autonomous interactions, Agent S aims to simplify complex tasks, offering transformative applications in artificial intelligence (AI). This detailed exploration will delve into the project's intricacies, its unique features, and the implications for the cryptocurrency domain. What is Agent S? Agent S stands as a groundbreaking open agentic framework, specifically designed to tackle three fundamental challenges in the automation of computer tasks: Acquiring Domain-Specific Knowledge: The framework intelligently learns from various external knowledge sources and internal experiences. This dual approach empowers it to build a rich repository of domain-specific knowledge, enhancing its performance in task execution. Planning Over Long Task Horizons: Agent S employs experience-augmented hierarchical planning, a strategic approach that facilitates efficient breakdown and execution of intricate tasks. This feature significantly enhances its ability to manage multiple subtasks efficiently and effectively. Handling Dynamic, Non-Uniform Interfaces: The project introduces the Agent-Computer Interface (ACI), an innovative solution that enhances the interaction between agents and users. Utilizing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), Agent S can navigate and manipulate diverse graphical user interfaces seamlessly. Through these pioneering features, Agent S provides a robust framework that addresses the complexities involved in automating human interaction with machines, setting the stage for myriad applications in AI and beyond. Who is the Creator of Agent S? While the concept of Agent S is fundamentally innovative, specific information about its creator remains elusive. The creator is currently unknown, which highlights either the nascent stage of the project or the strategic choice to keep founding members under wraps. Regardless of anonymity, the focus remains on the framework's capabilities and potential. Who are the Investors of Agent S? As Agent S is relatively new in the cryptographic ecosystem, detailed information regarding its investors and financial backers is not explicitly documented. The lack of publicly available insights into the investment foundations or organisations supporting the project raises questions about its funding structure and development roadmap. Understanding the backing is crucial for gauging the project's sustainability and potential market impact. How Does Agent S Work? At the core of Agent S lies cutting-edge technology that enables it to function effectively in diverse settings. Its operational model is built around several key features: Human-like Computer Interaction: The framework offers advanced AI planning, striving to make interactions with computers more intuitive. By mimicking human behaviour in tasks execution, it promises to elevate user experiences. Narrative Memory: Employed to leverage high-level experiences, Agent S utilises narrative memory to keep track of task histories, thereby enhancing its decision-making processes. Episodic Memory: This feature provides users with step-by-step guidance, allowing the framework to offer contextual support as tasks unfold. Support for OpenACI: With the ability to run locally, Agent S allows users to maintain control over their interactions and workflows, aligning with the decentralised ethos of Web3. Easy Integration with External APIs: Its versatility and compatibility with various AI platforms ensure that Agent S can fit seamlessly into existing technological ecosystems, making it an appealing choice for developers and organisations. These functionalities collectively contribute to Agent S's unique position within the crypto space, as it automates complex, multi-step tasks with minimal human intervention. As the project evolves, its potential applications in Web3 could redefine how digital interactions unfold. Timeline of Agent S The development and milestones of Agent S can be encapsulated in a timeline that highlights its significant events: September 27, 2024: The concept of Agent S was launched in a comprehensive research paper titled “An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Human,” showcasing the groundwork for the project. October 10, 2024: The research paper was made publicly available on arXiv, offering an in-depth exploration of the framework and its performance evaluation based on the OSWorld benchmark. October 12, 2024: A video presentation was released, providing a visual insight into the capabilities and features of Agent S, further engaging potential users and investors. These markers in the timeline not only illustrate the progress of Agent S but also indicate its commitment to transparency and community engagement. Key Points About Agent S As the Agent S framework continues to evolve, several key attributes stand out, underscoring its innovative nature and potential: Innovative Framework: Designed to provide an intuitive use of computers akin to human interaction, Agent S brings a novel approach to task automation. Autonomous Interaction: The ability to interact autonomously with computers through GUI signifies a leap towards more intelligent and efficient computing solutions. Complex Task Automation: With its robust methodology, it can automate complex, multi-step tasks, making processes faster and less error-prone. Continuous Improvement: The learning mechanisms enable Agent S to improve from past experiences, continually enhancing its performance and efficacy. Versatility: Its adaptability across different operating environments like OSWorld and WindowsAgentArena ensures that it can serve a broad range of applications. As Agent S positions itself in the Web3 and crypto landscape, its potential to enhance interaction capabilities and automate processes signifies a significant advancement in AI technologies. Through its innovative framework, Agent S exemplifies the future of digital interactions, promising a more seamless and efficient experience for users across various industries. Conclusion Agent S represents a bold leap forward in the marriage of AI and Web3, with the capacity to redefine how we interact with technology. While still in its early stages, the possibilities for its application are vast and compelling. Through its comprehensive framework addressing critical challenges, Agent S aims to bring autonomous interactions to the forefront of the digital experience. As we move deeper into the realms of cryptocurrency and decentralisation, projects like Agent S will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future of technology and human-computer collaboration.

738 Total ViewsPublished 2025.01.14Updated 2025.01.14

Discussions

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