核战争爆发后 比特币会承担什么角色

吴说区块链Published on 2023-01-16Last updated on 2023-01-16

Abstract

随着俄乌战争的进行,核弹会否第二次在人类历史上被战争中使用,引发了很多猜测,甚至存在引发全球核战争、进入核冬天的可能。比特币能否在核战争中存活下来,似乎已经成为了自它诞生以来的一个问题。

前言

近期,关于比特币能否在核战争中存活下来的话题讨论得非常火热,此次热点讨论的导火索大抵是俄乌冲突的爆发和逐渐持久的俄乌战争。

要知道,政治与经济是不可分割的,尤其是在当今这个全球化的时代,牵一发而动全身,由此便引发了大家对于虚拟货币的担忧和思考。

而作为一代目的比特币自然是被首先想到的。

目前,大家对于比特币的主张,有幸存,有毁灭,各执一词,且各有其原因。就其幸存方的代表大多都是像尼克·萨博和拉尔夫·默克尔(默克尔树的发明者)这样的密码学家,他们大多是从技术角度分析的,坚持认为比特币的分布式网络能够让它在核战争中存活下来。

而难以幸存方则是从比特币本身的价值出发,认为在战争中,比特币发挥不了任何的实际作用。

那么,接下来就随笔者一起探寻大家站在不同立场的具体原因吧。

比特币能幸存的观点和原因

1、技术角度

假如核战争爆发后,出现了全球性断电,机器损坏,但是比特币依旧能够幸存下来。

众所周知,比特币所使用的是一种分布式的网络系统,其系统的服务器遍布全球的各个角落,共同维护整个比特币网络的运行。所以即使是战争爆发或是战争扩大到一定范围,也不可能一次性摧毁整个比特币网络。

这就像七龙珠中的魔人布欧一般,即使身体被炸得只剩一点点细胞,也依旧可以不断复活,比特币就像魔人布欧的身体,即使破坏了一部分网络,也能再源源不断地使用,动不了分布式的网络根基。从这点来看,比特币确实是难以毁灭的。

而且,目前的卫星系统已覆盖全球大部分的地区,这就意味着在任何地方只要设备能够连接上卫星互联网的下行线链路和维持自身的电源,就能收到比特币的信息。同时,在这样的条件下,比特币网络也能很好地为挖矿计算机提供充裕的算力。

虽然人们会担心核战争中的核弹可能会释放 EMPs(电磁脉冲)摧毁世界上所有的计算机,但其实 EMP 所造成的也只是对整个系统的算力产生影响,而被 EMP 攻击前的比特币网络会被迅速冻结在分类账中,静待来日重启。

2、保存价值角度

当核战争来袭,任何实体支付系统和银行都会受到毁灭性的打击,这时如果想要提取现金简直就是痴人说梦,而即使有人选择把钱币存储在家中,也必定会受战争影响而大幅贬值。而且,一旦发行货币的国家在战争中被摧毁,账户内的余额也将会变得毫无意义。

所以,任何法定货币都存在着一个致命的缺陷,即单点故障,简单来说,就是银行系统但凡出了问题,整个货币系统也就无法运作。而这一点对于去中心化的比特币来说是不存在的。

而且,即使有中心化的银行能在战争中存活下来,一般人也是无法进行自我运营的,要知道整个银行系统的要求都是非常严苛的,而比特币只需拥有相关的设备和电源就可以由任何人运行操作。

由此就可以看出比特币在战争爆发时比任何法定货币都更耐用,更持久,更具保存价值。同时因为比特币本身具有去中心化的特性,所以相比较法定货币,也更容易存活下来。

比特币难以幸存的观点和原因

1、仅有流通价值

大家常说大炮一响黄金万两,但实际上自俄乌战争爆发以后比特币反而大幅下跌。

一直以来,比特币都被称为是“数字黄金”,其实仔细分析黄金的本质也不过是充当了一般等价物,因其稳定易于切割且可长久保存的优势成为了一种交易的媒介,但就黄金本身而言,它也只是一种贵金属,不存在任何实际的价值。而被称为数字黄金的比特币甚至在很大程度上发挥的也只是流通价值。

而且作为资产,比特币并不能满足运转货币所应具备的两个关键要素:为用户提供稳定性和作为价值储存的手段。

比特币自发行以来,其价格波动就十分剧烈,就目前比特币最大的价值来源还是比特币市场参与者的共识,这种共识赋予了比特币的存在价值,共识越高,市值越高,但若是共识降低,其价值也就随之降低了,而若是共识消亡,比特币自然也就不复存在了。

从这个角度看,比特币似乎只是拥有不稳定的流通性,其自身存在的意义还是人的共识赋予的,若是战争消亡了人们的共识意志,比特币大概也就难以存活了。

2、能源需求

战争爆发过后,人们首先想到的是生存,而生存所需要的必需品包括食物,水源,衣服等,我们可以用黄金换取这些我们需要的资源,但比特币却没有直接使用的条件,此时比特币所具备的流通价值似乎在这一刻也荡然无存了。

此外,当核弹打下来,会造成核粉尘,而核粉尘会阻止我们对太阳能的利用,能源也会因此进一步的短缺。要知道比特币本身所采用的是 PoW(Proof of Work) 的共识机制,这个机制的最大问题除了女巫攻击,就是巨额的能源消耗。

PoW 俗称挖矿,其工作过程就像是一个持久的劳动攻坚战,整个过程效率低下,而且还需要投入大量的能源来获得更大的算力进行挖矿。

因核粉尘的缘故,我们的能源本来就已经是极其短缺的,若是此时再投入到比特币的挖矿中,那也未免太过奢侈,而且在生存面前,比特币直接就会被抛之脑后了。

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