什么是真正的 Crypto Native?

FPublished on 2022-12-01Last updated on 2022-12-01

Abstract

从 2021 年开始,Crypto Native 逐渐走入加密行业。

从 2021 年开始,Crypto Native 逐渐走入加密行业。几乎每一个刚入圈的新人都听过这个词,因为圈内老人总是挂在嘴边。但是你要问圈内老人这个词代表什么,可能有些人回答不上来。对于 Crypto Native 是什么,可能每个人给到的答案都不尽相同。但它是否就意味着每天在 Twitter 上刷新关于 Crypto 的资讯,将大部分财产转移到 BTC 或者 ETH,每天盯着盘口分析市场数据,亦或者张口闭口就是「去中心化」等大词吗?可能都有,也可能不是。

我们可以看到全网搜索 Crypto Native 的提及次数。2018 年相比上一年增长 5.57 倍,2021 年相比上一年增长 7.52 倍,2022 年 11 个月相比上一年增长 2.85 倍。随着时间的推移,大家对于 Crypt Native 的关注度呈现出指数级增长规律,并且这种增长趋势丝毫没有减慢的迹象。

Crypto Native 的关注度 数据来源:Meltwater.com

Crypto Native 的来龙去脉

加密世界中的 Crypto Native 是对原生加密货币去中心化思想的承继。Crypto Native 的叙事起点是中本聪和比特币。作为加密货币基石的比特币,其背后的去中心化思想、去信任机制是 Crypto Native 理念的起源。

从 2008 年比特币横空出世开始,这个世界就拥有了第一批 Crypto Native 群体。在门头沟盗币事件和暗网「丝绸之路」的影响下,比特币于 2011 探顶后进入寒冬。这一批真正拥有并交易比特币的人,他们相信密码学算法和区块链技术,推崇「Code is Law」。这时,Crypto Native 就是相信密码学算法,同时拥有且使用比特币的人。

随着时间的推移,比特币被人们赋予了「数字黄金」的称号,其商品属性抢了货币属性的风头。由于大量人员和资金的进入,加密行业早期基础设施在这一时期逐渐被建设完善,矿机、支付场景、交易平台、金融衍生品都逐步成熟,比特币算力的快速增长就是很好的证明。

时间来到 2014,一件意义重大的事情发生了,以太坊创始人 Vitalik Buterin 发布了以太坊初版白皮书,并于 2014 年 7 月 24 日进行了 ETH 的预售。随后以太坊虚拟机 EVM 和智能合约应运而生,这标志着加密行业进入了一个全新的时代。同样的,这时候的 Crypto Native 的持有对象也不仅仅局限于比特币,还包括以太坊或者其他的加密货币,但是这个群体仍坚信密码学和区块链技术所建立的加密货币体系。

随着以太坊生态的建立和完善,让人们对于公链生态的想象力得到了充分发挥,随着 ICO 这种新型的融资方式层出不穷,越来越多的 dAPP 让人看到了区块链的应用价值。不仅如此,链上的金融衍生品也开始发展起来,合约,借贷等衍生品也促进了中心化交易所的繁荣。

从 2017 年之后的 Twitter 帖子上,我们可以品味一下这个词汇的内涵。Jessica Verrilli @jess 最早在 Twitter 上使用这个词语,时间定格在 2017 年 10 月 26 日,那时候指从事加密货币相关项目的大学生创业者。新的「互联网原生」或「移动原生」群体正在成熟。就像是之前出现的 Internet-native,所谓的 X-native 似乎天生会对某些生活方式以及思维模式有更强的适应能力,对于其中 Tricky 的部分感觉到适应并且能够更快速入圈。这里不难看出对于 Crypto-native 最主要的特点是年龄和行业,也就是可能第一份接触到的事业就是加密货币相关的工作的年轻人。

原文链接

2017 年是这个词在 Twitter 上还不温不火。Andrew Spence 在 2017 年 12 月将 Crypto-native 指向一个新的时代、新的生活方式。Crypto 将潜移默化而又悄无声息地改变人们的生活方式。

原文链接

Twitter 另一个用户 Ryan Sean Adams 在 2018 年 10 月份发帖说 Crypto Native 指一种公司运营方式,根据合同法构建,通过法律系统结算,是一个 Legal-native 的股份公司的继任者。它将通过代码构建,通过区块链结算。这里的 Crypto-native 更倾向于指代一种底层治理逻辑,即规范行为的渊源是来源于法律还是代码,是源于对哪一种实体规则的遵守而产生的商业运转机制。规范行为的渊源来自于代码即是我们所熟知的 DAO(去中心化组织)。

原文链接

除了对于这个词表面的文义解释,Crypto Native 也代表了一种商业模式,Daniel 在 2020 年 12 月从 Crypto Native Person 和 Crypto Native Business 角度去说明了 Crypto-native 的定义:

Crypto Native Person 是指在拥有任何其他资产(股票、债券等)之前购买加密货币的人。

Crypto Native Business 是一种去中心化协议,它支持目前由 CeFi 或 tradFi 提供的功能。

Daniel Chainview 第一次将 Crypto-native 做出了划分并且给出了定义,即拥有特定的「buy」,「asset」,「decentralized」等等关键词的人或商业的集合体。这里 Crypto-native Business 被理解为 TradFi 或者 CeFi 提供去中心化业务。

原文链接

2020 年到 2022 年,DeFi、NFT 以及 GameFi 强势崛起,无数项目喷涌而出,给行业打了一剂兴奋剂。Crypto 从未有过如此的想象力和天价估值。但是热度终将过去,投机终将失败。当潮水退去,终归有人在裸泳。所有 Crypto Native 都需要重新审视 Crypto 行业的基本面和内在价值,回归初心。

Crypto Native 的同类关键词

去中心化的 Decentralized

与之相对的是 Centralized, Single-point。在这种理念的指导下,没有一个中心化的机构去做宏观上的调控。比如,比特币是由去中心化网络管理,所以它是独立并且无所畏惧的。它不惧怕个人、公司或国家对他的控制。例如,如果一个国家禁止比特币和所有其他加密货币,另一个国家可能会欣然接手,以此来吸引建立在区块链上的企业家,或者吸引想利用该国低价能源的矿工。即使世界各国政府联合起来完全禁止比特币和相关加密货币,但只要社会中的个人之间仍然存在联系和通信,加密货币也不会被根除。

去信任机制的 Trustless

与之相对的是 Trust Assumption, Trusted Setup, Trusted Parties。建立在加密货币行业基础上的交易最 Crypto Native 的方式是采用去信任机制从而提供了一个不同于传统体系的全新产品,这种产品只提供基础的规则和证明的方式而不会去做全面的主观的控制。本质上,加密产业提供了一种基于规则的高效的没有昂贵信任成本的全球人类合作形式。这个产业是基于客观的证明(数学或者密码学),而不是主观上的承诺,摒弃了曾经被广为信任或者深受信任的实体。典型的实例是 Fox Tech。作为以太坊扩容方案 zkRollup,Fox 采用零知识证明系统 zkFOAKS,过程无需任何受信任的实体参与(No Trusted Setup),通过纯密码学与数学手段来确保信息的一致性、完备性和可验证性,从而实现更安全、更高效且成本更低的效果。

无需许可的 Permissionless

与之相对的是 Permission。我们以 Web3 基础设施、基础资源为例。它最重要特征是有一个无需许可的没有门槛的去中心化的市场。所谓「无需许可」是指任何人都可以进入这个市场。这个市场最典型的形态具有双边关系,即提供资源的人和消费资源的人。Permissionless 意味着无论对谁对哪种角色来说,谁都可以来提供资源,且无论是谁都可以来消费资源。这是和 Web2 有着本质的区别。比如 AWS 这样的存储提供商是有提供商门槛的,只有他们家自己可以做这个中心化提供商,虽然它对所有消费端是开放,在消费端是没有门槛的,但我们不认为它是 Permissionless。而 Arweave 这样的去中心化存储允许供给端自由进入,我们会认为它是 Permissionless。Crypto Native 认为无论对谁,对哪种角色来说,谁都可以来提供资源,且谁都可以来消费资源。在 Web3 之前很少见到这样的市场结构,这个市场的供给端和消费端都变成 Permissionless。

个人主权 Individual Sovereignty

Crypto Native 还特别强调个人主权,这也是 Web3 和 Web2 的重大区别,尤其是指 Token 和数据的所属权。使用传统的 Web2 写文章、发帖子、聊天、评论,这些内容都会被审核并可能被删除。而在 Web3 时代,这些数据是属于用户自己的,并且数据确实具备一定的抗审查的能力,很难丢失。Web3 为什么能做出所属权而 Web2 难以做到?有一个很重要的技术是在数据产生的时候就具备了可验证性,它能让这些资产、数据具备所属权。当它们上链的那一刻,区块链就会生成可以验证的时间序列,从而在共识层面确定所属权。当我们的文章等各种内容都是发布在传统中央服务器、单点服务器,可能会有几个备份,但这些服务器全都是由一些服务商来管理的,服务商也可以做权属证明,但是数据所有权属完全属于这些中心化的实体。再看 Mirror 这个内容平台,它将 NFT 发到了以太坊,将内容存储在 Arweave 这样的去中心化存储上。哪怕有一天 Mirror 关掉,任何人都可以拿到数据重新启动平台并进行数据和资产的追溯、验证与确权。

现在越来越多的人在关心着如何讲好 Crypto 的故事,如何打破中心化金融、网络和社会的枷锁,如何建立一个自由、平等的世界。这种浪潮似乎在人类历史上从未如此激烈和广泛。Crypto Native 所隐含的深层次的目标,在于这个群体相信加密世界所带来的技术可以解决现实世界很多根深蒂固的疑难杂症。身处 Web3 世界大舞台的 Crypto Native 群体正在践行着 Decentralized 理念,打磨着 Trustless 产品,构建着 Permissionless 市场,从而缔造出一个有效保护个人主权的社会。这正是我从 Crypto Native 从业者眼里看到的那道光。

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