火币变火必 暗市亮「明」牌

蜂巢TechPublished on 2022-11-24Last updated on 2022-11-24

Abstract

11月22日,上个月刚被收购的加密资产平台Huobi将华语品牌升级为「火必」。

11月22日,上个月刚被收购的加密资产平台Huobi将华语品牌升级为「火必」。相较于名字之变,当下全球加密资产用户更关心的是火必能否让用户的资产安全成为「必须品」。

火必升级当天,背景音是已然宣布破产的FTX被曝出「现金余额总计12.4亿美元」,而它对前50名最大债权人的欠款近31亿美元。不到一个月,这家曾经在全球跻身前三的综合性加密资产交易平台已经资不抵债。

FTX危机出现后,加密资产用户对中心化交易平台的资产托管安全性产生质疑。事件发酵期的11月9日数据显示,7日内从KuCoin 、FTX分别流出的资产额均超2亿美元。当日,包括Binance、Huobi、OKX在内的多家CeFi平台宣布启动「默克尔树证明」,实现资产储备透明化。4天后,Huobi公示冷热钱包内部分主要资产储备,并表示在已完成一次100%储备金审计的基础上,将在一个月内再公示默克尔树储备证明。

交易平台各上手段挽回市场信心,风声鹤唳之际,火必升级并发布全球战略,特意强调了重点升级的一环:用户交易及资产的安全风控体系和储备透明度建设,以及在全球各地的合规化运营。

动荡之下,火必意欲重返「三大」的决心毕露。

100%储备金+多签钱包「保安全」

如果非要说FTX危机带来的正面价值,恐怕只有一点:推动加密资产中心化交易平台改进资产安全性和透明度。在当下加密资产市场的酷寒中,市场基建之一的中心化交易平台本就面临着用户活跃度下降的惨烈现实。FTX只是一记重锤,再次击中了客(用)户最担心的问题——平台会不会乱动我托管在它上面的钱。

据华尔街日报11月10日报道,FTX拥有 160亿美元的客户资产,其中一半以上被借给了其兄弟公司Alameda Research这家量化交易机构。从后续多家加密机构反馈无法从FTX提款可窥,很可能存在「未知会客户」而挪用资产的情况。

然而,危机发生后出逃的资金大多还是流向了中心化交易平台。以此次FTX事件为例,有数据显示,从中逃出的资金多数流向了它的竞争对手Binance。因此,作为用户群体庞大的中心化交易平台,托管资金的安全性成为市场关心的重点。

11月9日,包括Huobi、OKX在内的多家平台宣布启动「默克尔树储备金证明」。3天后,Huobi直接将「不碰用户资产,坚守安全底线」放在了行业倡议书的首位,并承诺100%兑付。

Huobi倡议行业加强安全和透明度建设

在「刚兑」能力上,Huobi的确有守住底线的先例。去年,在撤出中国市场时,该平台无死角地让价值数百亿美元的用户资金完成退出。但上个月,Huobi易主,传统能否延续?FTX危机成了观察窗口。

挤兑市场出现后,11月9日,Huobi全球顾问委员会成员孙宇晨在推特上表态,Huobi与Tron DAO 1:1刚性承兑FTX内的Tron系资产及Huobi的平台通证HT。次日,相关资产在FTX恢复交易,一些持有者反馈已脱险。

事实上,从2020年起,加密用户对中心化交易平台的安防要求从防黑客升级为「防内漏」。这种变化始于黑客攻击的变化。从2年前开始,黑客就将下手的重点从CeFi交易平台转向了DeFi。漏洞赏金公司Immunefi近期的Web3行业第三季度《加密损失》报告显示,超过 98% 的损失发生在DeFi 平台上,CeFi交易平台则在3起被盗案件中损失了520万美元。

尽管CeFi交易平台被盗的损失较DeFi少了,但黑客还是会盯上不谨慎的交易平台。区块链安全机构派盾今年年初的行业安全报告显示,近两年(2020年和2021年)在黑客攻击的所有事件中,针对CeFi交易所的攻击事件占比上升,从3.47%上升至10.73%。

加强钱包的安全管理成了CeFi交易平台必备的风控能力。

11月22日,火必在品牌升级发布会上强调,严守用户资产安全的底线与传统不会变,只会将防火墙建得更加牢固。火必披露,为保障钱包私钥的安全性,其自主研发了安全硬件,从源头上保障资产存储无漏洞,同时使用多重签名和门限签名技术,一来保证私钥签名过程的安全,二来是以多人、多地备份的方式保障私钥的可用性,避免发生因私钥保管人出意外而无法应对平台运营的风险。

多次审计+公开资产储备「呈透明」

FTX危机之后,「默克尔树」成了多家中心化交易平台都决定要栽的一棵安全之「树」。11 月 9 日,Binance 创始人赵长鹏建议各大交易平台都采用默克尔树,证明资金储备处于100%保证的状况,Huobi率先响应行业声音。

11月22日,火必透露,与第三方合作完成的100% 保证金默克尔树储备证明将在近一个月内完成并对外公示,「虽然10月上旬在被收购的事宜中已经进行过100%保证金储备的审计。」

由于刚刚被收购,火必升级又处于市场动荡的背景下,这家平台似乎早有准备。11月13日,它公示了平台部分主要资产储备的冷热钱包地址及资金余额,包括3.2万BTC、27.4万 ETH、8.2亿 USDT、97亿 TRX,总资产折合35亿美元,明牌展示自身的刚兑能力。火必也表示,未来还会跟随默克尔树证明的建设进度,公布更丰富的资产储备信息,并作为长期的公开事项。

11月12日Huobi公示部分资产储备地址及余额(截图非完整)

更早前的11月12日,火必全球顾问委员会成员孙宇晨也在推特上表态,「既然用户想要做审计,那就多做几次,做做更健康,」并欢迎外界监督他个人的地址。

其实,相比安全性,默克尔树技术的重点是透明,让「100% 兑付」不再是一句公告上的口头承诺。对于金融特别是资产托管或吸储平台来说,100%准备金证明就是为了让用户确信「我存在你平台里100元,你必须要保证平台确实有100 元」。当然,公开全部账面就能获信,但这会带来储户隐私泄露的问题。

而直接关联区块链技术的加密资产平台,其实可以利用默克尔树这样的加密技术来呈现可公开的资产储备部分,让普通用户在想要验证的时候,有权利按照区块链的规则对自己的账户进行哈希计算,最终得到一个结果,看看是不是和平台官方公布的准备金数据一致。这既不损害隐私,也能兼顾平台的透明性。

当然,使用默克尔树证明需要强流动性体质的交易平台投入更多的数据维护成本,时常更新资金储备的数据,满足用户随时验证的需求。从目前各家平台的后续动作看,它们都在为启动默克尔树证明做准备。其中,火必披露,为推动行业正向发展、让用户安心,默克尔树储备证明将成为火必未来的日常建设任务。

适应差异化政策+与主权国家合作「谋合规」

从火必的动态看,这家命运多舛的交易平台试图从纷乱的加密市场环境中突围,「重回三大」的心思暴露无遗。那么,除了安全、透明之外,合规也是发展的必备条件,这一方面是交易平台正常运营的客观监管要求,另一方面也是能让用户放心使用的信任要求。

11月22日,火必在品牌升级的发布会上确定了全球化发展战略 (Global Development Strategy),在聚焦重点地区市场寻求新的业务增长点的同时,提出「全球合规」策略,要在尊重并支持世界各地监管政策的前提下,探索和适应不同地区要求的合规运营模式。

在合规上,品牌升级前的Huobi和许多加密资产交易平台一样,一直在全球各地以持牌为合规性体现。自2018年开始,从直布罗陀、日本、泰国、美国再到新加坡、香港,Huobi对加密资产机构运营所需要的牌照保持着「能拿尽拿、应拿争拿」的态度。

如今,升级为「火必」后,它在谋求合规的路上提出了新策略——用技术之长让加密友好地区看到优势,用专家资源改善外部环境。

火必全球顾问委员会成员孙宇晨出席发布会

发布会上,火必透露,将加强与不同主权国家的合作,通过投资创立区域研究中心,并面向全球招募顶尖技术人才,集中资源研究区块链前沿科技,并以自身之长助力友好国家实现科技创新突破。一个值得关注的重点是,火必将基于多米尼克全球总部开拓加勒比地区业务,并辐射至欧洲、东南亚等地。

孙宇晨在发布会上还表示,火必全球顾问委员会已经邀请多位行业顶尖专家学者加入,目标是集中稀缺人才资源,探究行业格局的变化及市场发展前景,为平台运作及全球业务拓展提供决策建议,并协同行业自治组织,制定市场及区块链行业标准,为创新技术规范发展构建一个安全稳定的外部环境。

内顾安全,外谋合规,改朝换代的火必想要重生。在当前的背景下,它到底能否延续传统、重回「三大」,关键在于能否继续取信于用户。距离火必承诺公开默克尔树证明的时间不到1个月了,届时,全球用户或能从这块面纱中一窥其诚意。迈上安全与透明的新台阶之后,「火必」的「心」、「义」之合才能真正释放品牌价值,而当前市场的兵荒马乱意味着,它的机会来了。

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