香港牌照申领 | 哪些资料不可马虎

肖飒lawyerPublished on 2022-11-23Last updated on 2022-11-23

Abstract

中国香港特区政府近日发布了《有关香港虚拟资产发展的政策宣言》,对虚拟资产金融化发展张开双臂,但是对于一些有意愿赴港申领牌照的区块链圈内人来说,牌照的申领仍是一个问题,对于申请香港牌照的企业来说,要按照证监会的要求诚实完整地提交材料,否则可能会面临行政甚至刑事处罚。

申领牌照需要准备的资料

首先,申请香港牌照需要哪些资料呢?从证监会的官网来看,申请牌照总共需要填写3个申请表2个调查问卷和3份补充文件,所有的申请文书都必须由拟申请人(法团)负责人或者被授权人签署,并且提供全部所需要的证明文件,包括补充文件及调查问卷中的某些部分所需要提供的额外证明材料,例如法团胜任力材料。

具体来讲,我们拿其中一种表格举例,申请人需要填写的内容有申请人基本资料,申请人背景,大股东及持股架构,拟进行的业务及内部监控程序,管理层及管理架构,法团的财政实力等。

每一部分都会有相应的,支持表格真实性的资料提供要求。例如,在拟进行的业务及内部监控程序层面,就需要提供企业赴港所要进行业务的详细计划以及企业自己为了防止风险而进行的相关监控措施,详细向证监会论述企业活动的固有风险(例如市场风险、信贷风险、流动性风险及运营风险等)。

值得注意的是,在披露部分,香港证监会要求申请人自行申报自己现在或者曾经担任董事,参与管理,成为大股东的公司是否曾经被证监会或者其他任何规管机构调查、拒绝注册、进行纪律处分。为什么要单独把这条列出来,就是要提醒各位读者,对于赴港申请牌照的企业,负责人的背景是否干净十分重要,香港证监会甚至会关注在过去五年内申请人(法团)负责人是否是特定事项的被告人。

在进行材料申报时要极其注意,材料提交证监会后如果有发现材料缺失、不真实、需要调整等情况,必须紧急撤回,当然,在这种情况下,已缴付的申请费用将不会退回。有读者可能会问,那我干嘛还要撤回,让证监会查出问题再来找我不就行了?这就是我们接下来要讲到的问题,如果资料缺失、不真实被证监会审查发现,将会面临刑事风险。

虚假误导即属犯罪

证监会要求申请人完整、真实和正确地披露所有就牌照申请而提交的资料,否则他们作为持牌人的适当人选资格可能会受到影响。

根据香港《证券及期货条例》第383条,在向证监会提出的申请中作出虚假或具误导性的陈述:(1)任何人——作出在要项上属虚假或具误导性的陈述(不论该陈述属书面或口头或其他形式),以支持该人或其他人根据或依据本条例任何条文向证监会提出的申请;且知道该陈述在要项上属虚假或具误导性,或罔顾该陈述是否在要项上属虚假或具误导性,即属犯罪。(2)任何人犯第(1)款所定罪行——一经循公诉程序定罪,可处罚款$1,000,000及监禁2年;或一经循简易程序定罪,可处第6级罚款及监禁6个月。

2018年5月,香港东区法院裁定,雷某因于2009年及2015年在向证监会提交牌照申请时,均未有披露其刑事定罪记录而成立提供虚假资料罪。最终被判罚款12000元并被命令缴纳证监会的调查费。有读者可能认为罚款没什么,但是根据法条来看,除了罚款之外有面临监禁2年的风险,所以在资料提供上要倍加小心,不要试图做任何虚假陈述。

除了法院做出刑事处罚,证监会也可以直接做出行政处罚。2014年8月,徐某因向证监会提供虚假资料被判令禁止重投业界,也就是我们所说的从业禁止,虽然这个判令是9个月,但是现实中存在永久性从业禁止,也就意味着从此之后断绝香港从业之路。在徐某这个案子中,徐某是获发牌进行第1类(证券交易)、第2类(期货合约交易)、第4类(就证券提供意见)、第5类(就期货合约提供意见)、第6类(就机构融资提供意见)、第7类(提供自动化交易服务)及第9类(提供资产管理)受规管活动,并在2000年至2011年期间隶属多家不同持牌法团。他在在2009年2月及9月共向证监会提交了两份周年申报表,当中未有披露美国金融业监管局曾对他采取纪律处分而已经被法院裁定提供虚假资料罪。

以下是飒姐团队对一些香港虚假陈述案例做出的简述表。

后续监管

材料申报完,拿到牌照就万事大吉,可以“放飞自我”了吗?远远不是。当证监会认可拟申请人的商业模式、组织架构、人员配置、安全保障、资金规模及其他资质完备后,证监会将会针对拟申请人的具体业务草拟监管条款发送给拟申请人。值得提出的是,该类监管条款企业可与证监会协商谈判,协商决定最终的监管条例。但是如果协商破裂,不接受监管条款将会直接导致证监会拒绝发牌。

在该监管条款中,证监会将会case by case地给不同的企业不同的监管方式,但是无论是哪种监管方式,都伴随着后续的持续监管。例如说企业与证监会最后的谈判结果是三个月审查一次,那么证监会就会每三个月重新审查一次牌照申请者的相关材料、资质,是否符合牌照要求,在拿到牌照后的后续审查中材料做假的,依然面临上述所有的行政以及刑事风险。

写在最后

近日飒姐团队收到许多赴港企业咨询牌照问题,在这里飒姐团队还是要提醒大家,在风口起飞,有些捷径是不能走的,在申报材料上一定要秉持诚实完整,才能在后续一波又一波的审查中屹立不倒。

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