GBTC负溢价升至历史新高,新的风暴正在酝酿中?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2022-11-21Last updated on 2022-11-21

Abstract

灰度拥有全球最大的比特币信托基金——GBTC,允许投资者获得比特币。

在 FTX 崩溃后,关注的焦点转向了 灰度 比特币信托基金(GBTC),目前其负溢价幅度达到了历史最高的 46% ,这意味着自比特币在 2021 年 11 月达到顶峰以来,该信托的投资者已经损失了 83%,超过了比特币本身价值 74% 的跌幅。(相关阅读:《灰度要清算300亿美元规模的GBTC?从6个核心问题入手分析》)

什么是灰度?

灰度拥有全球最大的比特币信托基金——GBTC,允许投资者获得比特币。

投资者可以在不购买比特币的情况下就能持有比特币敞口。

与 SPDR Gold Trust 类似,GBTC 价值来自实际持有的 $BTC,并在 OTCQX 上公开交易。

灰度的持股:

1. 持有 673000 枚 BTC,占所有可用#BTC 的 3.5%。GBTC 当前价值为 106 亿美元,而 2 周前为 135 亿美元。

2. 持有 300 万枚 ETH ,目前价值是 36 亿美元,而 2 周前为 48 亿美元

3. 持有 106000 枚当前价值 140 万美元 vs 390 万美元

2018 年熊市:GBTC 在 13 个月里暴跌 90.5% 才触底。

2022 年熊市:目前 #GBTC 下跌了 85%,仍处于主要下降趋势中。

加密货币交易所 FTX 的内爆削弱了人们对数字资产的信心,由于主要参与者之间复杂且通常不透明的联系,其影响波及近 1 万亿美元的行业。

去年发起超过 500 亿美元贷款的加密货币经纪商 Genesis Trading 在上周三宣布暂停其贷款部门的赎回和发放贷款后,人们对 Grayscale 的担忧越来越重。

Grayscale 和 Genesis 都是数字货币集团( DCG ) 的子公司,DCG 是一家位于美国康涅狄格州斯坦福德的风险投资公司。

Genesis 是 GBTC 的授权参与者,负责发行新股,直到上个月 Grayscale 推出了内部经纪自营商 Grayscale Securities。

根据 Refinitiv 的数据,DCG 也是 GBTC 的最大股东,拥有 4.1% 的股份,即 2820 万股。

GBTC 面临的核心问题是它已被更好的比特币持有工具的出现所取代。

当它于 2013 年作为私募发行时,它是同类产品中为数不多的产品之一,并且随着加密行业的扩张,它迅速增加了股票数量以吸收即将到来的现金潮。

然而,它因 2021 年加拿大第一只比特币交易所交易基金的出现而受到破坏。 这些投资工具的费用通常不到 GBTC 每年收取的 2% 的一半。 它们还提供了更大的流动性,新投资者无需支付溢价。

随着资金流出 GBTC,其股票的供需失衡,推动其股价大幅低于资产净值。

根本问题在于——与 ETF 不同——GBTC 没有套利机制来使供需恢复平衡。

GBTC 股票不能兑换实物比特币或现金,只能通过场外交易市场出售给其他买家。 Grayscale 需要获得监管部门的批准才能实施股票回购计划。

Grayscale 相反希望将 GBTC 转换为「现货」比特币 ETF,持有「实物」货币。这些计划迄今已被美国证券交易委员会( SEC )阻止,该委员会拒绝效仿加拿大和其他地方的监管机构批准现货比特币 ETF,理由是担心交易发生的不受监管的交易所存在潜在欺诈和操纵行为。

Grayscale 拒绝就此事发表评论,目前正在起诉 SEC,要求获得转换 GBTC 的权利。然而,不断扩大的 GBTC 负溢价表明几乎没有市场参与者认为它有可能成功。

「如果他们成功赢得官司,那么任何投资者都将完好无损。折扣将急剧减少,因为 [股票] 创建和赎回过程可以自由发生,」VettaFi 研究主管 Todd Rosenbluth 说。

The ETF Store 总裁 Nate Geraci 表示:「GBTC 的结构显然不是最理想的,因为股票无法赎回。

「令人非常失望的是,美国证券交易委员会继续允许任何散户投资者使用该基金,但他们不会批准可以解决折扣问题的现货比特币 ETF。 这是目前整个加密生态系统荒谬的监管功能障碍的又一个例子,」Geraci 补充道。

一些投资者保持了信心。 Ark Investment Management 已经是 GBTC 的第三大股东,持有近 1% 的股份,本周又购买了 280 万美元的股票。

10 月,Ark 首席执行官,「木头姐」 Cathie Wood 表示,鉴于 GBTC 有可能在某个时候转换为 ETF,因此其交易价格处于「甩卖」价格。 Ark 也在寻求推出现货 ETF 的许可,但表示不会对日常交易活动发表评论。

第二大股东是 BlockFi ,持股 2.9%,这是一个加密货币借贷和交易平台,由于对 FTX 的「重大风险敞口」,该平台已停止提取客户存款。

Academy Securities 宏观策略主管 Peter Tchir 提出了 Grayscale 寻求获准回购大量股票,然后清算该基金的前景,可能赚取的利润足以弥补其手续费收入的损失,并吸引外部投资者整个过程中。

然而,Geraci 认为 GBTC 负溢价有可能进一步扩大,「特别是如果 FTX 暴雷蔓延进一步影响整个加密空间」。

尽管如此,他认为 GBTC「显然是比在像 FTX 这样的交易所持有比特币更好的选择,因为投资者可以放心地操作,因为基础比特币确实存在」。

此外,Geraci 认为 FTX 的崩溃加强了对加密货币交易所进行监管的理由,「理论上加快了现货比特币 ETF 批准的时间表」。

然而,Rosenbluth 认为 SEC 会将这次惨败视为其立场的证明。

「美国证券交易委员会认为现货比特币具有风险,并担心欺诈和操纵。我不确定他们会对这些事态发展感到惊讶。」

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