FTX千钧一发之际,给加密行业哪些警示?

PanewsPublished on 2022-11-10Last updated on 2022-11-10

Abstract

加密行业永远不缺戏剧,昨夜今晨的两次惊天逆转,让社区用户跟着“提心吊胆”。

加密行业永远不缺戏剧,昨夜今晨的两次惊天逆转,让社区用户跟着“提心吊胆”。而事情的结局令人失望,因为针对2008年雷曼兄弟时刻而催生的加密货币行业却重走了雷曼之路。

加密行业永远不缺戏剧,昨夜今晨的两次惊天逆转,让社区用户跟着“提心吊胆”。而事情的结局令人失望,因为针对2008年雷曼兄弟时刻而催生的加密货币行业却重走了雷曼之路。

北京时间11月9日凌晨,就在加密社区还在预测FTX事件会如何发展时,FTX创始人SBF和币安创始人CZ先后发推文称,双方已经就战略投资达成协议,签署了一份不具约束力的意向书,打算完全收购FTX并帮助应对流动性紧缩。但仍需几天进行完整的尽职调查,所以事情具有不确定性,并提醒用户预计未来几天FTT价格将高度波动。

受此消息影响,FTT和BNB价格分别短时上涨40%和20%,而且加密市场整体也快速反弹。然而好景不长,就在加密社区开始热烈讨论币安收购FTX事件火热时,凌晨1点FTT价格突然开始快速下跌,最低跌至2.5美金,短时跌幅达88%。

闪跌有两个主要原因,一是有律师提醒,币安收购FTX可能会引起监管机构的反垄断调查,暗示收购可能无法完成。同时,外媒Semafor也爆出,SBF在与币安达成收购协议前曾向华尔街和硅谷的亿万富翁们寻求超过10亿美元的救助,但在周二中午时FTX的资金缺口已快速扩大50至60亿美元。PANews从多处信源得知,从11月7日晚,Alameda团队就开始四处向机构借款,这反应了其资金的巨大缺口,从而引发了11月8日一早的下跌。

随着更多的信息被披露,事情的真相也逐渐得到还原。

实际上,Alameda和FTX从今年二季度时已经到了危机时刻,CoinMetrics研究主管Lucas Nuzzi在推特上分析称,挪用用户资金的原因或为FTX在2022年第二季度为Alameda提供了大规模救助。通过数据分析表示,Alameda在今年第二季度时与三箭资本等一起到了崩溃边缘,它之所以幸存下来,是因为它使用保证在4个月后释放的1720万枚FTT作为抵押品从FTX获得资金,一旦释放,所有代币都被退回作为还款。

FTT的代币释放解锁合约是自动归属,如果FTX让Alameda在5月内爆,他们的崩溃将确保随后在9月释放的所有FTT代币被清算。这对FTX来说会很糟糕,所以他们必须想办法避免这种情况。Alameda和FTX实际上在第二季度把所有筹码都摆在台面上,并用这笔钱来救助其他公司,这巩固了FTX作为有偿付能力和负责任的机构的形象,并有助于FTT的价格上涨。

如今SBF和FTX也不再嘴硬,大额的资金缺口,以及被币安“诏安”,也变相证实FTX平台确有挪用用户资金的行为,这也是为什么FTX应对用户的大量提币需求并非从冷钱包向交易所转账,而是从各种交易所转出资金,东拼西凑,因为FTX将用户的资金放在各处理财。

加密交易所挪用用户资金如今已屡见不鲜。最早有门头沟事件挪用用户75万个比特币,后有Fcoin无法兑付用户7000~13000个BTC,再有今年虎符、AEX等交易所因挪用用户资产杠杠挖矿而导致用户资金无法兑付。如今全球排名第二的交易所FTX也因内部风控缺位而走上这条路。

FTX的危机给加密行业有哪些警示?

Coinbase联合创始人Brian Armstrong:使用DeFi和自托管钱包构建更好的系统

Coinbase联合创始人Brian Armstrong发推称,这一事件似乎是风险商业行为的结果,包括深度交织的实体之间的利益冲突,以及客户资金的滥用(借出用户资产)。Coinbase相信透明度和信任非常重要,每个投资者和客户都可以看到Coinbase公开审计的财务数据,也从未发行过代币。

这里的部分问题是,监管机构一直将重点放在各自市场的境内,而客户已将注意力转移到离岸业务更不透明和风险更大的公司。以美国为例,95%以上的加密交易已经在海外发展,因为美国的加密监管一直难以驾驭。

此类事件引发的是要求更严厉的监管。这只会使加密公司和加密用户出海的问题变得更糟。我们应该继续与政策制定者合作,为每个市场的中心化交易所或者托管人制定合理的监管,但是我们需要看到一个公平的竞争环境得以运行,而这至今并没有发生。

从长远来看,加密货币行业有机会使用不依赖信任第三方的DeFi和自托管钱包构建更好的系统。相反,您可以信任代码或者数学,并且所有内容都可以在链上公开审计。

Circle联合创始人Jeremy Allaire:缺乏透明度、缺乏明确的交易对手、投机资产居多

USDC发行方Circle联合创始人Jeremy Allaire发推称,整个市场的熊市周期给了我们很多机会来反思市场中的深层问题。缺乏透明度、缺乏明确的交易对手以及以投机代币为基础的项目资金和资产负债表是根本原因。在过去的牛市中,大量的所谓“创造价值”几乎完全是投机性的,对实用性的关注通常是事后才想到的,或者完全不存在。

同时,正如Brian Armstrong所指出的,美国缺乏明确的监管指导方针最终鼓励用户和项目承担更多风险,并从离岸进行。事实上,离岸监管套利催生了没有已知基础的全球公司,这些公司经常逍遥法外。如果美国决策者不齐心协力,结果会更糟。

我们必须果断地从加密货币的投机价值阶段转向实用价值阶段,这必须以更加开放和透明的实践为基础。好消息是,用加密基础设施和公共链建立的基础为我们提供了现在以前所未有的透明度重新打造金融服务的基石。我希望作为一个行业,我们可以认真地朝着在DeFi和链上结构上发生的越来越多的活动迈进。为此,我们需要可验证的加密可证明身份,以及显著且更好的链上隐私技术。

希望这些CeFi危机不会毒害分布式和去中心化的未来,政策制定者会迅速而谨慎地采取行动,这对世界来说可能是一个巨大的破局。但我们不应该只对执法行动大加赞赏 ,需要对公然欺诈以及操纵和反竞争的市场行为负责。市场和用户正在受到伤害。随着行业的评估,我希望重点将开始转向构建耐用、高实用性的产品,这些产品旨在在开放的链上基础设施上运行。最后,作为一个从事该行业10年的人,令人失望的是,一项针对2008年雷曼兄弟时刻而催生的技术却产生了自己的相同版本。

币安创始人CZ:不要使用自己创建的代币作为抵押品

币安创始人CZ发推称,可以从此次FTX流动性危机中得到两个教训:1)不要使用自己创建的代币作为抵押品。2)经营加密货币业务不应该借贷。不要过度有效地使用资本,要持有大量的储备金。 此外,赵长鹏表示,币安从未使用BNB作为抵押物,也从未负债。

同时,CZ表示所有加密货币交易所都应该做merkle-tree的储备证明。银行依靠部分准备金运作但加密货币交易所不应该。币安将很快开始做完全透明的资金储备证明。

Cryptoquant的联合创始人Ki Young Ju评论称,四年来一直在追踪币安的钱包,他们已经通过几个冷钱包和热钱包实现了99%的透明性,而其他交易所将客户的资产与第三方钱包混合在一起。

随后,加密货币交易所OKX和火币也分别发推称,对于所有主要的加密货币交易所来说,公开分享其可审计的merkle tree储备金证明或POF至关重要。计划在未来几周(30天内)发布该证明。这是在行业中建立基线信任的重要一步。

加密行业的未来在何方?

FTX事件将使中心化交易所更难获得信任,也使传统机构短期内失去入场信心,使得个人投资者信心不足,从而观望。接下来大概率还会有其他相关的中心化金融引发连锁反应。

站在悲观者的角度,加密行业的一次次暴雷一次次危机,让外界更加印证和加深了加密骗局的刻板印象,也让本来的从业者不禁思考和怀疑加密行业是否值得自己投身建设。

但站在乐观者的角度,正是这一次次的暴雷和危机在不断催生加密行业向更好的方向发展,使得中心化公司和去中心化协议之间不断博弈从而更透明,而不是单纯的利用金融工具,进行发行资产吹大泡沫收割获利的循环。这样的行为,终究是会搬起石头砸自己的脚。

正如前文Coinbase和Circle两位联合创始人所言,FTX对行业的危害长线利好DeFi,利好一切链上管理。在中心化金融里利益相关者互相做局抬轿子,利用人设达到不可明说的目的,利用消息和资金优势做空做多收割个人投资者。

正如一名行业OG向PANews所言,Web3要用新的标准和视角。去中心化的本质之一就是要公开透明,相比打造大佬人设,透明才是真正的人设,去中心化的产品是行业的硬核需求。公开透明本身就是最有力有效的监管,只有真正的透明本身才是王道,监管的终极就是不需要监管。因此所有的优质的去中心化的产品都是有巨大潜力的。

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