比特币运营商们已经彻底背叛了中本聪和他的宣言!

老雅痞Published on 2022-10-19Last updated on 2022-10-19

Abstract

FBI前局长称区块链比纸币更容易追踪。比特币已经失败。加密货币和DeFi平台现在比传统银行更容易受到隐私泄露和黑客攻击。

在最初的比特币宣言中,创造者中本聪特别谈到了 “传统银行模式 ”是如何通过 “限制有关各方和受信任的第三方对信息的访问 ”来维护隐私。

在这里,薄弱环节是受信任的第三方,这通常是控制我们使用的银行账户和电子系统的金融机构。这些机构可能会受到法律的压力,被要求交出信息,或者干脆被恶意的行为者入侵。

相比之下,中本聪使用一种叫做区块链的分布式账本技术,设计了比特币系统,使用整个互联网的志愿计算机网络(称为节点)来保存记录和处理交易。交易方只能通过加密的密钥对来识别,这些密钥对在每次交易发生时都会重新生成。这防止了交易被持续追踪和 “链接到一个共同所有者”。

“比特币:点对点电子现金系统”,中本聪

不幸的是,今天大多数加密货币的工作方式,与使用传统银行渠道或现金相比,你作为交易方的身份更容易被确认。这是区块链专家Gurvais Grigg最近在接受CNBC采访时所说的。

CNBC 的“什么是 Defi,它能否颠覆我们所知道的金融业”

“与其他形式的法币欺诈不同,有了区块链中的加密货币......就有了记录......这种透明度和在全球范围内访问该记录的速度使得对这些类型的欺诈的调查比传统金融加快。”

—— Gurvais Grigg,Chainalysis首席技术官和联邦调查局前助理局长

对中本聪和他的宣言的彻底背叛

现在是区块链爱好者们问这个问题的时候了。比特币设计的主要原则——隐私、防欺诈、非通货膨胀——是否已被今天的区块链运营商完全破坏?

最近加密货币交易所和数字钱包因黑客攻击而遭受的一连串损失,确实让人怀疑他们的系统是否比传统银行模式更糟糕。

2022年10月8日,世界上最大的加密货币交易所——Binance遭到了5.7亿美元的黑客攻击。这只是2022年期间一连发生的13起不同的区块链黑客攻击事件中的最新一起,导致约20亿美元被盗。

在这次Binance事件中,黑客铸造了200万个Binance币(BNB)——这是世界上第五大加密货币,并将其中的大部分转移到他自己的数字钱包。

这样的情况正是中本聪在创建比特币时想要防止的。在题为 “计算”的一长节中,他特别描述了数学证明,说明为什么他的设计不会 “让系统向任意的变化敞开,比如凭空创造价值或拿走从不属于攻击者的钱”。

“比特币:点对点电子现金系统”,中本聪

那么,对于其他加密货币来说,它是如何发生的呢?

对中本聪的杰出设计至关重要的是,交易需要由大量自愿加入或离开网络的节点来处理和验证。因为只有当大多数节点同意交易的真实性时,交易才会被批准,这使得单个黑客在理论上几乎不可能 “伪造”交易。他必须能够识别并同时接管51%以上的节点才能做到这一点。

不幸的是,大多数用于其他加密货币的区块链,其验证网络中的节点要少得多。在Binance币的情况下,它只有44个节点。

如今,使这些较新的加密货币更加脆弱的是,当用户转换和移动他们的数字财富时,用于从一个区块链到另一个区块链做转移的“区块链跨链桥”。从概念上讲,这些就像西联汇款的数字等价物。2022年的大多数黑客都是针对区块链网络中的这个漏洞点。

换句话说...

如果银行有一个坚不可摧的金库,这并不重要。当钱被转移时,你仍然可以击中货车。

致富的最好方法是打印自己的钱

到目前为止,我们已经讨论了中本聪的两个关键原则——隐私和反欺诈——是如何被区块链技术的后续采用者否定的。

那么第三个原则——非通货膨胀性呢?

这一点与中本聪如何将比特币的供应量设计成有限的有关,因此作为一种储存财富的手段,其价值永远不会因为简单地印刷更多的比特币而减少——就像中央银行对法定货币所做的那样。

“比特币:点对点电子现金系统”,中本聪

不幸的是,他出色设计的这一方面是最先被后来的区块链运营商破坏的东西之一。此后创建的许多加密货币都是无限供应的,包括一些投机性最强的货币,如Solana、Dogecoin和Shiba Inu。

这比中央银行的做法更糟糕。至少,一个国家的货币是以其经济价值为支撑的。另一方面,加密货币的价值往往只基于其创造者和追随者认为的价值——其中有一大批是由其创造者在一开始就凭空创造的。

这也正是中本聪不希望看到的。比特币被设定为只有在志愿者节点为维护网络做出贡献时才会被创造出来,从而为其用户社区产生实际价值。

回归到对某人的信任

当你看到加密货币的世界,以及它如何催生了整个去中心化金融(DeFi)的运动,人们不禁要问,我们是否又绕回了我们开始时的问题。

DeFi是一个新的术语,描述了数字交易所、钱包和贷款平台的整个运动,基本上使用加密货币和区块链来做传统银行几个世纪以来做的事情。

除了使用区块链技术来做会计和簿记,而不是传统的数据库之外,唯一的区别是,“受信任的第三方”现在是创建和运行这些DeFi平台的人。

在任何信任系统中,不可避免地会有不良行为者或薄弱环节。为了克服这个问题,中本聪把比特币设计成不依赖任何人,甚至不依赖他自己和他早期的比特币支持者们。他还让它不依赖于单一的计算机系统或网络。

但现在所有这些都被撕掉了。

DeFi本质上只是传统银行模式的翻版,用不同的方式保存记录,由新的公司和个人管理。

但是,如果以某种方式使金融系统更加有效和可靠,那么为什么不呢?

这里的问题是,只要需要信任第三方,那么就需要有一层监督和监管,以防止欺诈和确保问责。

因此,政府的规则和政策将会出现,以管理许多为公众服务的DeFi公司,这些公司已经兴起。当尘埃落定,他们将成为一个制度化和受监管的行业,就像传统金融一样。

这没有错,但这肯定不是中本聪的意图。

区块链社区需要重新思考比特币和区块链技术背后的最初目的。他们需要问自己,他们是否真的创造了更好的东西,还是在贪婪和炒作中忽略了创始人的愿景。

区块链和加密货币是否真的让世界变得更加公平,摆脱了中央权威?还是我们又回到了原点?

P.S.:目前涉及加密货币平台的麻烦浪潮可能只是冰山一角。四年前,我曾写过企业和初创公司如何不顾区块链的固有缺陷而跳上区块链的浪潮。还有许多基于区块链的企业很快就会亏损,不管是由于黑客还是仅仅是在他们自己有缺陷的可行性意识下摇摇欲坠。

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